The classification of domestic waste will increase and the national level and above will be fully launched.

Source: Economic Information

China's domestic waste classification and treatment press the fast forward button, starting from 2019, the national level and above cities will fully start the classification of domestic waste. According to the relevant plan, at the end of 2020, it is necessary to basically establish relevant laws, regulations and standards for waste sorting. Recently, Shanghai, Ningbo and other places have been intensively enacted. Experts said that the "green revolution" transformation led by waste sorting is already on the road, but there are still many shortcomings such as insufficient receiving facilities. On the basis of comprehensively pushing up the garbage charges, we should speed up the reform of the price and fee mechanism, ease the financial pressure, and use the economic incentive mechanism to promote the realization of the waste classification and reduction target.

Domestic garbage classification

Driven by top-level design and local practice, the classification and management of domestic waste is greatly accelerated. From this year onwards, cities in the country and above will fully start the classification of domestic waste.

As early as March 2017, the “Implementation Plan for Domestic Waste Classification System” forwarded by the General Office of the State Council clarified the overall goal of the classification of domestic wastes: by the end of 2020, basically establish relevant laws, regulations and standards for waste separation. The classification of domestic wastes that can be replicated and promoted. In cities where domestic garbage is mandatory, the utilization rate of domestic garbage is more than 35%.

At the end of December 2017, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued the “Notice on Accelerating the Classification of Domestic Waste in Some Key Cities”, requiring 46 key cities such as Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai to accelerate the classification and discharge schedule of domestic waste. Since then, 46 key cities have taken the lead and made positive progress in promoting waste sorting. It is understood that Shanghai, Xiamen, Shenzhen, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Beijing, Suzhou and other cities have initially established a system for the collection, transportation and treatment of domestic waste.

In 2019, the garbage sorting management presses the accelerator button all the time, and many places are intensively enacted.

On January 31, 2019, the Second Session of the 15th Shanghai Municipal People's Congress voted to approve the Shanghai Municipal Waste Management Regulations (hereinafter referred to as the “Regulations”), which will be officially implemented on July 1. In 2019, Shanghai will realize the full coverage of the domestic waste classification area, and strive to achieve the standardization of domestic waste classification in 70% of residential areas. On February 16, the Fourth Session of the 15th National People's Congress of Ningbo voted the “Regulations on the Management of Domestic Wastes in Ningbo”, and Ningbo became the city that earlier classified the domestic wastes.

On February 21st, the national municipal solid waste classification work site will be held. It is determined that from 2019, the prefecture-level and above cities will start the classification of domestic waste comprehensively. By the end of 2020, 46 key cities should basically complete the waste sorting and treatment system.

“Garbage classification is not only related to the ecological civilization construction such as environmental improvement and resource utilization, but also closely related to the soft culture ability such as improving the level of social civilization. In recent years, the top-level design has been continuously promoted. This year, the national level and above cities will fully start the classification of domestic waste. The promotion is very strong," said Xue Tao, executive director of the E20 Research Institute.

Multiple short boards such as incomplete infrastructure remain

It should not be overlooked that there are still many shortcomings and difficulties in the classification of wastes in China, with limited coverage, incomplete infrastructure and immature charging mechanisms.

Xue Tao told reporters that in fact, garbage sorting had been piloted as early as the 1990s, but in practice, it gradually became formalism. Typically, many places have added "two trash cans", one general trash can and one recyclable trash can. However, there was basically no difference in the delivery, and they were placed together during the transshipment, which did not have the effect.

Wang Menghui, Minister of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, pointed out recently that there are still some problems in promoting waste sorting. In some cities, the understanding of waste sorting work is still at the technical level; the overall coverage of waste sorting in the country is still limited, and the promotion needs to be increased; in addition, the short-form facilities still exist, and there are only a few coastal developed cities that collect waste. The classified transportation and classification processing facilities are relatively complete.

Xue Tao believes that China's way of living also greatly affects the classification of waste. The survey found that foreign countries are mainly based on relatively independent residential houses, and garbage classification and garbage collection can be better combined. Japan's waste classification is generally better whether it is an independent house or an apartment building. In China, the centralized living mode of buildings and apartments is adopted, and law enforcement supervision is difficult, and residents' participation is not high. Garbage classification must be synchronized with the participation of the people.

Senior Research Fellow of Pangu Think Tank and Postdoctoral Fellow of Applied Economics of China Finance Research Institute and Lin told reporters that compared with foreign countries, we still lack comprehensive and meticulous public system design. On the one hand, there is no mandatory legal obligation to categorize household waste. On the other hand, the rights and obligations of the regulatory authorities are not clear enough. The differentiated garbage charging mechanism also needs to be improved.

Pan Gong, head of the E20 Environmental Platform Solid Waste Research Center and chief industry consultant, told reporters that the classified collection of domestic waste is closely related to the successful promotion of the garbage charging system. Under the impetus of the perfect residential garbage charging system, many countries The collection of garbage sorting has evolved into a mature national act. "The purpose is not to increase the government's fiscal revenue, but to cultivate the awareness of the residents' polluters through garbage charges, and to promote the realization of the classification and reduction of domestic waste by economic means."

Pan Gong said that according to incomplete statistics, more than 300 cities in China have implemented the municipal solid waste treatment charging system to a certain extent. Local regulations related to garbage collection have also been promulgated in various places. For example, the “Administrative Measures on the Collection and Use of Urban Domestic Waste Treatment Fees in Hainan Province”, the “Interim Measures for the Administration of the Collection of Domestic Domestic Waste Treatment Fees in Shanghai” and the “Administrative Measures on the Treatment of Municipal Domestic Wastes in Guangdong Province”. However, there is currently no law and regulation that uniformly stipulates garbage disposal fees, and the charging system is still in its infancy.

Many experts also said that the source reduction is the weak link and difficult problem in the current process of promoting waste management. In addition, the waste sorting industry chain has not been established. The industrial chain cannot be profitable, and the market mechanism cannot be built; the market mechanism cannot be established, and the enterprises are not involved in enthusiasm.

Classification of domestic waste according to local conditions

The industry believes that the classification of domestic waste is a systematic project involving various aspects of placement, collection, transportation, treatment and reuse, involving various administrative departments such as local housing construction, urban management, city appearance, environmental protection, transportation, and national land. Only through unified management, coordinated cooperation and effective linkage of all links can a closed garbage sorting management chain be formed to truly realize the resource utilization of domestic garbage.

Chang Jiwen, deputy director of the Research Institute of Resources and Environmental Policy of the Development Research Center of the State Council, told reporters that it is recommended to carry out the classification of domestic waste according to local conditions; to implement and promote the "two networks integration" of domestic garbage collection and utilization of domestic garbage resources; Based on the principle of “polluter pays”, the government, enterprises and residents share the full cost of domestic waste treatment; formulate sound policies to ensure the comprehensive development of domestic waste sorting and charging work.

Xue Tao pointed out that waste sorting requires a lot of investment, such as separate transportation facilities and factories dealing with wet garbage, which is also a test for the government's financial investment and determination. He pointed out that the garbage collection should be accelerated on the basis of garbage classification. On the one hand, to alleviate the pressure on fiscal expenditures, on the other hand, it can also encourage less classified units and households to pay less, and achieve the incentive effect of “carrots and sticks”.

"At present, from the collection situation, the collection rate of the sanitation department is very low. The collection of most cities is less than 50%. The collection of Urumqi is less than 30%. The collection rate of Beijing is less than 50%. The collection rate in Guangzhou is higher than that. High, but not more than 70%. In addition to the low standard of garbage disposal, even if it is levied in full according to the current levy standard, the collected garbage disposal fee can only compensate about 40% of the cost of garbage disposal operation, and the price and fee mechanism Reform is imminent." Pan Gong suggested that

“It is necessary to use economic means. This does not mean simply using simple subsidies or charging mechanisms, and embedding the costs and benefits of garbage sorting into the entire social production and operation. For example, the 'production' garbage must be from every link. Start to share the cost, and those who use domestic waste to share their profits are more likely to share profits from the entire chain." Pan and Lin said.

Editor in charge: Xia Jing

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