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Neutral gray is a three-dimensional color space, neutral gray has no hue, saturation, only the brightness of the variable. At the time of plate making and printing , the neutral gray balance is used as a measure of whether the ratio of the three primary colors of ink in the separation and printing is appropriate. The balance control factors affecting the neutral gray balance are: the color characteristics of the ink, the ratio of the three primary colors, the performance of the paper, and the printing conditions.
First, the neutral gray balance requirements for ink
1. High transparency: When the ink is applied into a uniform film, the degree of coloration of the background of the substance that withstands the ink film, the clearer the background color is displayed, the higher the transparency of the ink; 2. The finer pigment particles: high-grade printing The product should be fine pigment particles; 3. Strong tinting strength: the tinting strength of the ink is an amount indicating the color strength or concentration of the ink. For the ink of the same hue, the tinting strength depends on the dispersion of the pigment on the binder, and the dispersion. The higher the coloring power, the stronger the tinting strength; the higher the content, the stronger the coloring power; 4. The light resistance: under the action of light, the color of the pigment will change and discolor to varying degrees. Light resistance; 5, high color efficiency: color efficiency is a comprehensive indicator of ink color difference and gray level; 6, good chemical stability: the color of the ink will change under the action of some chemicals, therefore, the ink is required to be better Chemical stability, water resistance, acid and alkali resistance, ethanol resistance and other properties.
Second, the relationship between paper performance and neutral gray balance
Different types of paper have great differences in the color rendering ability of the same ink. For example, the offset paper and offset paper commonly used for offset printing are different for the gray balance parameters of the three primary inks. Paper whiteness smoothness, absorbency, gloss, opacity and pH are also important factors affecting the gray balance. The newsprint used in the color printing is white and yellowish, and the data of the printing gray balance is very different from the coated paper and the offset paper.
Third, the relationship between printing conditions and gray balance
1, printing machine. The printing press related factors that affect the gray balance are the type and thickness of the blanket, the type of the lining, the printing pressure, the printing speed, the type and precision of the printing machine, and the like.
2, dampening solution. The formulation of the dampening solution, the concentration, the surface tension and pH of the dampening solution, the water temperature, the degree of emulsification of the dampening solution and the ink, etc., also affect the gray balance.
3. For the first print with the lowest transparency, the black ink has the lowest transparency, that is, the darkest. As the outline of the picture, the color is thicker, so it should be placed on the front, so that the products with high transparency and the two colors are printed on the back. The color sequence arrangement of the whole picture is quite different, which has a great influence on the neutral gray balance. Different color sequences will directly affect the quality of the printed products and the color tone. In the actual production, the analysis should be comprehensively Some of the variables involved in the consideration are considered a little more. In the color sequence arrangement, the color sequence should be arranged according to the effect of different types of originals and the requirements printed by the customer, in order to reproduce the perfection of the printed original.
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