Cancer test strips are used clinically or as new detection methods

Editor's note: In addition to the uncontrolled growth of cancer cells, cancer cells will also invade surrounding normal tissues and even transfer to other parts of the body through the circulatory system or lymphatic system. The current cancer detection requires a series of steps, often bringing a lot of inconvenience and high consumption to the patient's family. Not long ago, the Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health of the Chinese Academy of Sciences developed a test strip that can detect cancer-related gene mutations. At home, just use a small test paper to know if you have a cancer mutation gene. Please pay attention-can the detection of cancer genes be completed in one piece?

Using a small test paper, drop two drops of blood to know whether the person to be tested carries genetic disease-related genes, drug resistance mutations or tumor mutation genes. The "scientific name" of this test paper is called nucleic acid detection biosensor, which was developed by Zeng Lingwen research group of Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

The diagnosis of cancer through blood tests has a long history. Researchers at a medical research institute in Wellington, New Zealand, have also proposed blood tests to diagnose cancer. According to reports, they have used blood tests to diagnose colon cancer, lung cancer and liver cancer have been successful. Researcher Dr. Belich of the institute said they diagnosed cancer by detecting fingerprints left in human serum due to the rapid proliferation of cancer cells.

Clinical application to be explored

"Take two drops of blood, after nucleic acid extraction, react with the detection reagent for half an hour at room temperature, and then drop it on the test paper for 5 minutes to observe the results. If there is genetic disease or tumor disease caused by single nucleotide polymorphism The presence of susceptible genes or pathogenic microorganisms will be revealed when detected, but not displayed if they are not. "Zeng Lingwen introduced, for example, the K-ras gene mutation in pancreatic cancer.

Zeng Lingwen said that this research did not simply use one principle, but used a combination of multiple principles. Four major technologies were used: hairpin structure probe technology, nucleic acid signal transfer amplification technology, nanocrystalline gold particle visualization technology, and simple, fast, and convenient technical advantages of test strip to develop the nucleic acid biosensor.

If "test paper cancer detection" is successfully used in clinical practice, it will be the gospel of the majority of families. "We just want to develop some simple, fast, and cheap methods for detecting cancer-related gene mutations, and let some advanced detection technologies come into the family." Zeng Lingwen said, "In this way, people do not need to go to the hospital to use very expensive To test. "

In response to this research result, Li Baolan, the attending physician of Beijing Chest Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, said that from the current progress in this field, the research is still in the exploration stage, and there is still a lot of work to be done on whether it can be applied clinically. An Guangyu, an attending physician at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, believes that "test paper for cancer detection" is not entirely reliable. An Guangyu explained: "Cancer can only detect susceptible genes, and the cost of measurement is very high. Even if there is a genetic abnormality, it does not mean that you have a tumor."

However, the method of blood test for a drop of blood is not entirely on paper. In the recent cancer lecture held at the Capital Library, Sun Yan, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and an oncologist at the Institute of Oncology of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, said that certain cancers are detected by a drop of blood. Yes, but not all cancers can be detected. For example, in the blood of liver cancer patients, alpha-fetoprotein content will be very high, so it can be detected through the blood. Another example is the high PRC in the blood, which may have prostate cancer, but not all cancers can be detected.

Broad market demand or prospects

"Once this kind of sensor is developed and goes to the home, its market demand should be great." When talking about the prospects of this research for clinical application, Zeng Lingwen said, "Now everyone eats, wears, lives, travels No worries, health problems are becoming more and more important. Everyone wants to know if they have mutations in oncogenes, and this method is very convenient and fast to do. "

Zeng Lingwen said that this technology can also be used to detect drug resistance, thereby achieving "individualized medicine." The so-called "individualized medicine" here is a humanized embodiment of medical treatment. "For example, tumors, some drugs are very expensive in the treatment of tumors. These drugs may only affect some people. The mutation of this part of the human gene determines whether they are sensitive to this drug." Zeng Lingwen added, "This At this time, we can use this sensor to detect gene mutations to know whether the patient is suitable for this medicine. Otherwise, you will not be able to pay for the medicine that is not useful to you, and it will also delay the treatment time. "

"Our goal is to go to the family. But the research is still just at the end of the experiment. We have done some clinical sample experiments. The next step is to further optimize this technology." Zeng Lingwen said: "The study It has not been fully prepared in the practical stage. The device for nucleic acid extraction still needs to be further improved. After the device is completed, a very complete product can be formed, and it will gradually develop towards industrialization and then to the family. "

Zeng Lingwen said: "There are two ways to develop a nucleic acid extraction device. One is to use a nucleic acid extraction device developed by others to directly combine with a nucleic acid sensor to form a product that goes to the family. The other is a nucleic acid extraction device that we are developing. After the device was developed, it was combined with nucleic acid biosensors. "

In addition, Zeng Lingwen reminded: "Not one sensor can detect all cancers. We will design a specific type of cancer and develop a series of sensors for different cancers. Although it is not 100% accurate, it can basically be detected. What is the chance of having a certain type of cancer. At this time, the patient can do further medical examinations to check for cancer in this area. "

Preventing cancer requires daily attention

According to Sun Yan, the incidence of tumors is highest in European and American countries, followed by China, and relatively low in Africa and Latin America. If no measures are taken, the number of cancer deaths worldwide will exceed 10 million by 2020. Among developing countries, China has a relatively high incidence and is close to the level of developed countries. Although cancer is terrible, it can be prevented in daily life. For the prevention of cancer, an article from the National Science Council of America makes the following recommendations:

1. Eat less oil and fat, sugar and salt, and eat more fresh vegetables, fruits and whole grains;

2. Maintain an optimistic and happy attitude to life. Unhappy mood will affect various functions of the body, especially immune function.

Sun Yan reminded people to stay away from cancer-causing factors, to have regular and effective health checkups, to properly handle precancerous lesions, to exercise, and to maintain physical and mental health.

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