Examples of deterioration and failure under storage conditions in a constant temperature and humidity chamber

In a controlled environment, such as a constant temperature and humidity chamber, materials and components can experience various forms of degradation and failure. These tests are essential for ensuring product reliability, especially when products are in the development or research phase. Many manufacturers conduct extensive testing to ensure that their products can withstand these conditions before finalizing them. The results from these tests provide valuable insights into how products behave under different environmental stresses. Here are some common examples of deterioration and failure observed during storage: 1. **Oxidation and Diffusion**: When substrates and coatings interact, oxidation or diffusion may occur, which can reduce the solderability of component leads and printed circuit boards. Heat accelerates these processes, leading to reduced surface wetting and increased corrosion risks. Atmospheric pollutants can further speed up this degradation. 2. **Temperature-Induced Failures**: - **Low Temperatures**: Prolonged exposure to extremely low temperatures can dry out plastics, reducing their electrical and mechanical properties. This can lead to damage or failure during storage. - **High Humidity**: High humidity levels during storage can be more damaging than during operation. Relative humidity above 80% over long periods can negatively impact the functionality and reliability of stored items. - **Humidity Cycles**: Repeated high humidity cycles inside a sealed chamber can cause internal moisture to build up, leading to condensation when temperatures drop suddenly. - **Mold Growth**: In high temperature and humidity environments, especially with organic materials present, mold growth is more likely. These conditions can also accelerate chemical reactions caused by salt spray and industrial gases. 3. **Other Failure Mechanisms**: - Long-term exposure to high temperatures can cause electrolytic capacitors and batteries to dry out, thermoplastics to lose rigidity, and protective compounds or impregnating waxes to soften or deform. This leads to accelerated material aging. - Prolonged exposure to low temperatures can make rubber, plastic, and even metal parts brittle, causing cracks. Seals may also shrink or crack, leading to mechanical failures. - Functional parameters may drift beyond acceptable limits, resulting in open or short circuits. These findings highlight the importance of conducting proper environmental testing to anticipate and prevent potential issues that could arise during real-world storage conditions.

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