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The national standard GB18584-2001 "Limited Quantity of Hazardous Materials in Wood Furniture for Interior Decoration Materials" was approved and released on December 10, 2001. It was officially implemented on July 1, 2002. In order to enable wooden furniture manufacturers, distribution units, interior decoration companies and quality supervision and inspection units to carefully understand and accurately grasp the technical content of national standards, in order to properly implement this standard, the technical requirements specified in the standards and Test methods and the like are described as necessary.
I. Overview of harmful substances in wooden furniture
Wood furniture is a large variety of furniture. There are many kinds of products. There are also many raw and auxiliary materials used in the production of wood furniture. It basically involves forestry, chemical, metal, textile and other fields. The harmful substances in the products are mainly summarized into the following categories. .
Free formaldehyde
Formaldehyde (molecular formula CH2O) aqueous solution is also called formalin. Formaldehyde is a volatile substance. When the air contains a small amount of free formaldehyde, it will cause eye irritation and tearing. When the concentration of formaldehyde increases, people will feel itchy throat, nasal pain, chest tightness, cough, difficulty breathing, weakness and headache. Long-term work or living in a high concentration of formaldehyde, people will be chronically poisoned and can cause digestive disorders, visual impairment, and even nerve paralysis, respiratory mucosa and conjunctival ulceration.
The main source of free formaldehyde produced in wood furniture comes from three aspects: 1 artificial board, currently mainly medium density fiberboard, particle board, plywood and blockboard, etc., generally used as the substrate of furniture, of course, also including decorative wood-based panels . The 2 parts of the adhesive contain free formaldehyde. 3 The end faces of the parts of the wooden furniture are not edge-sealed and some of the connecting holes are installed in the section, and these parts are easy to release free formaldehyde.
In the manufacture of wood-based panels (including veneered wood-based panels), a large amount of synthetic resins such as urea-formaldehyde phenolic resin is used as an adhesive. Since urea-formaldehyde resin itself has good water solubility, low price, fast curing speed, high bonding strength, and good storage stability, it is widely used. Used in the processing and production of wood-based panels.
The urea-formaldehyde resin is a condensate of urea and formaldehyde. When the artificial board or the processed veneer is hot pressed, the pre-condensed urea-formaldehyde resin is reticulated by the curing agent and heat, that is, cured. After the hot pressing, a small amount of free formaldehyde remains in the artificial board. The linear resin in the artificial board which is not reticulated when solidified, and the partially cured resin will still decompose into free formaldehyde under certain temperature and humidity conditions. These free formaldehyde will continue to emanate during the use of furniture, causing environmental pollution and harm to human health.
2. Soluble heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, chromium and mercury
Lead, cadmium, chromium and mercury are common toxic substances that are clearly harmful to humans. In particular, lead can damage human nerves, hematopoiesis and reproductive system, which is very harmful to children and adolescents, affecting children's growth and development and intellectual development. Therefore, the control of heavy metal pollution such as lead has become a worldwide hot spot and development trend. Long-term inhalation of cadmium dust can impair kidney or lung function. Long-term exposure to chromium compounds causes dermatitis wet diagnosis. Chronic mercury poisoning mainly affects diseases such as the central nervous system.
The soluble heavy metals in wood furniture products mainly come from the paint film on the surface of the product. Especially in some color paint furniture, children's furniture occupies a certain proportion. The coating is mainly the color pigment of paint, such as red dan, lead and chrome. Yellow, lead white, etc. In addition, since inorganic pigments are usually made from natural minerals and processed through a series of chemical and physical reactions, it is inevitable to entrain trace amounts of heavy metals.
The impact of toxic heavy metals in wood furniture on the human body is mainly through long-term contact with the human body during the use of furniture, and its soluble substances will cause harm to the human body.
The harmful substances in the above wooden furniture are the main part, and there are other aspects, such as textile fabrics, cushioning materials, plastics, leather, and some harmful substances. As the standards are further improved, they will be further supplemented and improved.
Second, the requirements of national standards
In the GB18584-2001 national standard formulated this time, there are two requirements for the limitation of major harmful substances in wood furniture products. Of course, the harmful substances in wooden furniture have close relationship with relevant standards such as wood-based panels, wood coatings and adhesives. The technical requirements in the national standards are described below.
GB18584 "National Standards for Limits of Hazardous Substances in Wood Furniture for Interior Decoration Materials", based on relevant domestic and international standards, combined with the actual situation of wood furniture in China, formulated the limit of harmful substances in products. The standard technical requirements have reached the international advanced level.
Third, the scope of application of GB18584 standard
The scope of this standard applies to all kinds of wooden furniture used indoors (referring to civilian residences, office buildings, hotels, hotels, restaurants, etc.). The products mainly refer to wooden bedroom furniture and wooden office based on wooden materials. Furniture, wooden dining chairs, kitchen furniture, wooden frames and other wooden furniture.
Fourth, the inspection rules
The content of Chapter 6 of this standard requires detailed provisions on the nature of the inspection project, the inspection cycle, the determination of inspection results, the inspection and re-inspection, and the inspection report. However, it should be added that in the quality inspection of various types of wood furniture, the items required by this standard should generally be included, which is conducive to the comprehensive and comprehensive assessment of furniture products.
V. Countermeasures for reducing harmful substances in wooden furniture
The standard stipulates that the products produced by the production enterprises on January 1, 2002 shall implement the national standards. Since July 1, 2002, the products that do not meet the national standards will be stopped on the market. The standard is released to the implementation, and it is time-critical for companies that produce and distribute wood furniture. In order to enable the company to provide some help and guidance in the implementation of the standard process, it can help the product meet the requirements stipulated by the standard, and focus on how to reduce the content of harmful substances in wood furniture.
1. Reduce the amount of formaldehyde released
From the requirements of the limit of harmful substances in wooden furniture, the current focus is mainly on the amount of formaldehyde released in wood furniture. Therefore, as a furniture manufacturer that produces wood furniture enterprises, especially artificial boards, it is necessary to pay attention to controlling products. Formaldehyde content.
1) Use the standard artificial board
At present, most of the plate-shaped furniture produced by man-made plates in the market has become a new family in the furniture category with the advantages of novel style, clear texture, no deformation, no cracking, and anti-mite, and is increasingly favored by consumers. However, the use of wood-based panels that meet the standards as a substrate for the production of furniture is the basis for controlling the amount of formaldehyde released in wood furniture. 1 Under normal circumstances, enterprises with medium density fiberboard or particleboard should purchase ≤20mg/100g (perforated extraction method) as the substrate, including wood veneer veneer medium density fiberboard or particleboard; 2 plywood Enterprises with wooden veneer veneer plywood or blockboard should purchase plates with ≤3.0mg/L (dryer method); 3 for veneered wood panels, such as impregnated film paper, paper grain paper, PVC If the surface of the furniture is no longer treated by the finish (such as paint and paint), the board with the E1 mark of ≤1.5mg/L (dryer method) should be purchased.
2) Strengthen the furniture production process
The artificial board used in wooden furniture, the standard stipulations must be used for interior treatment, that is, the furniture needs to be surface-decorated when the parts are produced. These treatments include surface coating, closure of the end faces of the parts, experimental proof, furniture The surface finish of the part, including the end face sealing treatment, can greatly reduce the release of formaldehyde. However, the surface finish treatment materials are different from the process, and the effects are different.
It is necessary to pay attention to the edge end face sealing treatment process of furniture parts. From the relevant experimental results, it is shown that the end face sealing of the particleboard and medium density fiberboard as the substrate can be reduced by 4 to 5 times than that of the unsealed free formaldehyde. The side is very important. The method of measuring the edge banding with the climate box has different materials, and the release amount of free formaldehyde is also different. The sticker edge is 0.81PPm, the micro-thin wood edge is 0.1PPm, and the impregnated film paper material is sealed with 0.021PPm.
Reasonable design of the connection hole of the furniture parts, the furniture is assembled and connected by several parts, and the hinge hole, the shelf tip hole, the connection hole and the drawer slide groove are also the release sources of free formaldehyde, therefore, Pay attention to the process requirements in this area, try to reduce the amount of free formaldehyde released by using as few spare holes or slots as possible.
3) Reasonable use of formaldehyde-free or low-formaldehyde adhesives
When some enterprises produce wood furniture, they often use their own surface covering materials. When laminating, they should use formaldehyde-free or low-formaldehyde glue, usually with low-molecule urea-formaldehyde glue (when the F/V molar ratio is low) At 1:1.5), the release of free formaldehyde is much less.
4) Treatment of wood-based panels with ammonia
After ammonia is sprayed into the artificial board by ammonia spray, it can interact with formaldehyde in the board to produce a stable neutral and harmless gas. Therefore, the method can treat the artificial board and effectively reduce the release of free formaldehyde in the board. the amount. This method has no adverse effect on the strength and surface properties of the sheet, and the treatment cost is low.
5) Other methods
With the advancement of science and technology, the products on the market can eliminate formaldehyde and odor in indoors or furniture, and the products are imported from abroad. However, the quality and effectiveness of the products have yet to be further verified and are for reference only.
2. Reduce soluble heavy metal content
The standard stipulates the limit requirements for soluble lead, cadmium, chromium and mercury metal content, mainly refers to the wood furniture products whose surface coating is colored paint. Therefore, the enterprises producing color furniture mainly use the soluble heavy metal content of colored wood coatings. Wood coatings.
1. Work chair: This is the most common type of office chair designed for use on a desk or computer. They usually have adjustable height, backrest, and armrests, and are usually mounted on wheels for easy movement.
2. Executive chair: These chairs are larger and more luxurious than task chairs, with higher backrests and more padding. They are usually made of leather and have more advanced functions such as tilting and tilting. Suitable for high-level personnel in various offices.
3. Conference chair: These chairs are designed for use in conference rooms and are usually lighter and more stackable than other office chairs, making it easier to decorate the venue. They may have adopted a more minimalist design and come with a writing pad.
Mesh Chair,Pu Chair,Leather Chair,Boss Chair
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