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Researchers at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) have developed the first portable device for cancer diagnosis. Now they have made new progress in rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis and other important infectious diseases. The researchers published their research results in "Nature · Communication" and "Nature · Nanotechnology" respectively. The device combines microfluidic technology and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology, which can not only diagnose these important infectious diseases, but also determine whether they exist. Antibiotic resistant strains.
Dr. Ralph Whistler, the co-senior author of the two papers and the chief physician of MGH, said that quickly identifying pathogens related to infectious diseases and testing drug resistance is very important for diagnosing diseases and deciding whether to use antibiotics for patients important. The new method takes only 2 to 3 hours to complete the above process, which is a great improvement over the standard training method that often takes two weeks to provide diagnostic results.
MGH researchers have developed portable devices that can detect cancer biomarkers in blood (or very small tissue samples) in the past. The target cells or molecules are first labeled with magnetic nanoparticles, and then the sample passes through a miniature NMR system, which can detect and quantify the amount of the target. However, it is difficult to find antibodies when using the system for bacterial diagnosis. In early research, antibodies were often used to accurately detect specific bacteria. So the research team turned to specific nucleic acid sequences as targets.
The new device described in "Nature · Communication" on April 23 can detect the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) of tuberculosis bacteria in a small amount of sputum samples. After the DNA is extracted from the sample, the target sequence is amplified using standard procedures, then captured by polymer beads containing complementary nucleic acid sequences, and carried out by magnetic nanoparticles (the sequence of which can bind to other parts of the target DNA) mark. By incorporating a miniature NMR coil into the device, any tuberculosis DNA present in the sample can be detected.
Testing of control samples from tuberculosis patients and healthy people showed that the device detected all positive samples in less than 3 hours, and the false positive rate was zero. The existing diagnostic procedures take several weeks and the false negative rate is as high as 40%.
The researchers described a similar new technology in May 5 "Nature · Nanotechnology". The system uses ribosomal RNA (rRNA) as a target for nanoparticle labeling. Ordinary nucleic acid probes developed by the researchers can detect rRNA regions common to many bacterial populations, and another set of probes developed have targeted specific sequences of 13 clinically important pathogens including S. pneumoniae and E. coli Shearella and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), etc.
The sensitivity of the device is very high, it can detect only one or two bacteria in the 10 ml blood sample, so as to accurately determine the bacterial load. Testing of blood samples from infected patients showed that the system accurately identified specific bacterial species in less than two hours, and also discovered two bacterial species that could not be detected by standard culture techniques.
Whistler said that the detection of pathogens based on magnetic interaction is a very reliable method, regardless of the quality of the sample, which means that large-scale purification measures in a limited resource environment will no longer be necessary. Moreover, bacteria can be detected within a few hours, which is of vital importance for controlling the spread of tuberculosis.
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