Simulation technology that determines the performance of the oscilloscope

Although the oscilloscope is not the most demanding instrument for the hardware, since the oscilloscope is the single instrument that most engineers are familiar with and the largest in the test instrument market segment, we interviewed several representatives of the global oscilloscope bandwidth GHz class. Start with the hardware analysis of the oscilloscope and take a look at the core design unit of the oscilloscope.

Bandwidth, sampling rate and storage depth are the three most intuitive characteristics that determine the market value of an oscilloscope. The bandwidth is the most obvious indicator of the performance of the oscilloscope. The value of the sampling rate has a certain relationship with the bandwidth. The value is directly related to the final price of the oscilloscope, and its value is basically determined by the hardware performance of the analog unit.

The architecture of the analog oscilloscope that determines the performance of the oscilloscope has undergone decades of precipitation. In particular, the rapid development of digital oscilloscopes in the past two decades has basically stabilized. Xing Fei, vice president of RIGOL, introduced contemporary The basic components of a digital oscilloscope mainly include: analog front end (responsible for signal conditioning) -> analog-to-digital converter (signalized signal after conditioning) -> data acquisition / storage / signal processing -> display and human-machine interface. The first two parts determine most of the performance specifications of the oscilloscope and are the core of the oscilloscope.

Bandwidth and analog front end

Bandwidth is the most basic parameter when choosing an oscilloscope. From the 30 GHz in 2004 to the emergence of 45 GHz, it has been waiting for 5 years, and the 60 GHz oscilloscope has only appeared for 3 years, and in the last 12 months. The oscilloscope's top three have updated their top-of-the-line configuration oscilloscopes, all as if they were remake of the 2002-2004 oscilloscope performance arms race.

Just in April of this year, LeCroy's crown with the highest bandwidth performance of digital oscilloscopes since 2004 was occupied by Agilent. Agilent's Infiniium 90000Q has a maximum bandwidth of 63 GHz, exceeding the 60 GHz of the LeCroy LabMaster 10Zi. When both major competitors have launched 60 GHz oscilloscopes, the next step is how we expect Tektronix to respond.

The key to determining the bandwidth is the analog front end of the oscilloscope, including the attenuator, amplifier and related circuits. It is the gate of the measured signal entering the oscilloscope. The bandwidth of the test signal of the oscilloscope is determined by the bandwidth of the analog front end in many cases, that is, the direct influence. The noise floor and range of the oscilloscope. The design of the analog front end actually accounts for more than half of the workload in the hardware design of the oscilloscope, and ultimately determines the hardware performance of the oscilloscope.

For analog front ends, the main performance metrics that affect the oscilloscope include:

â— Analog bandwidth, including the amplitude-frequency response characteristics of the measured signal, and the rise time indicator and overshoot performance indicator in the time domain;

â— Input signal amplitude dynamic range (the range from the minimum vertical sensitivity to the maximum vertical sensitivity of non-digital processing);

â— Initial error characteristics and temperature drift characteristics of two indicators of DC gain accuracy and offset accuracy;

â— Input impedance characteristics (resistance parallel parasitic capacitance) affect the effect on the circuit under test with or without a probe.

If the oscilloscope's analog front end design plays an important role in the overall hardware design, the analog front end acts like a camera lens. A lot of photographic enthusiasts are using SLR cameras. One important reason is that SLR cameras have better optical properties. Similarly, the analog front end attenuates and modulates the input signal, and the system noise is amplified. If the oscilloscope's analog front end is poorly designed and the system noise is high, the small signals that you want to test will not be captured; if you look at the frequency domain, these noises will cause the signal-to-noise ratio to drop and the noise floor to rise. If the isolation between the signal paths is not enough, the signals of other channels will cause greater interference to the signal under test. At the same time, the linearity and saturation resistance of the analog front end are also important.

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