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China Hong Kong:
Hong Kong, China currently has the world's most advanced identity card identification system. Since August 2003, the Hong Kong Immigration Department responsible for the program has issued a smart identity card for the third time. The entire smart ID card has a budget of £51 million and was completed in less than 18 months. Subsequently, the card was distributed free of charge to all Hong Kong adult residents. It is expected that there will be 7 million cardholders by 2007 and will grow at a rate of 8,000 per day.
The polycarbonate card has a contact chip embedded in it that contains the thumbprint and digital photos of the cardholder, and the name and photo are printed on the card surface. It uses the Multos chip, a highly secure, open source operating system developed by the British Maosco Association (initiator for industry leaders such as Mondex), which is responsible for the development and maintenance of the MULTOS standard.
In the planning phase of the system, its primary goal is to fully upgrade the existing paper identity card system, while providing other conveniences. Raymond Wong, deputy director of the Hong Kong Immigration Department responsible for information systems, said: "Smart cards are not just simple. The identity certificate, it can also provide cardholders with other additional applications or functions." The card can be used for self-service entry declarations from mainland Chinese immigrants, cardholders can directly insert the card into the door without waiting in the checkpoint The card reader, then press the fingerprint on the scanner will automatically release. According to Wong, this automated process saves time and makes entry and exit services more efficient. Citizens applying for this smart card can also choose whether to add a digital certificate for free, which can be used as a library card and online transaction with the government. Wong also said that although at first everyone was worried about privacy issues, Hong Kong citizens have benefited from the system. "Smart cards are advancing the development of information technology in society. Digital certificates help promote e-government and e-commerce in Hong Kong," he said. "Because of these advantages, some citizens now want to get ID cards quickly." Hong Kong will also be in 2006. The driver's license was intelligentized years ago and used in the ePassport application system.
United States:
After the "September 11" incident, the US government actively sought to strengthen local security while actively deploying the global war on terrorism. In the following months, 120,000 military personnel, selected reserve personnel, Ministry of Defence staff and some related personnel received new identity cards.
The ID card is embedded with 2 photos, 2 barcodes, 1 magnetic strip and 1 metal zinc sheet, which can record the holder's actions in a huge database, so that the national security department can keep abreast of personal trends.
According to the ABC report, the US government will issue about 4 million new ID cards after this. Known as the latest "smart card", this high-tech ID card was originally designed to help the government better track its holders around the world and implement safer and more effective military operations. But congressmen, security and high-tech experts agree that a complete identity identification system is an important weapon in the war on terror. Using ID cards to build a huge database can prevent terrorists from using fake names and fake identities to engage in terrorist operations.
Currently, this ID card is only used by military personnel and national security staff. It can be used by holders to encrypt their emails, smoothly enter various areas of the security agency, call medical records, and even buy credit cards as credit cards. . However, behind all the conveniences, Department of Defense officials can check the holder's database at any time to monitor their every move. Therefore, many people believe that this kind of management involving too much personal privacy is neither reliable nor legal. However, the panic and anger caused by the "September 11" incident forced the American people to reconsider this proposal. For most people, it seems cost-effective to change a little bit more privacy.
Canada:
On June 28, 2002, the Canadian New Immigration Act came into effect. The “Maple Leaf Card†with 20 anti-counterfeiting functions also replaced the “immigration paper†that has been used for many years and became a new identity card for local permanent residents.
Previously, immigrants entering Canada had a larger “entry paper†to prove their permanent resident status. But it has neither photos nor portable. After the "September 11" incident, the Canadian government believes that it is necessary to replace the "entry paper" with a more secure and portable ID card. In the United States, this type of identity card is also called a "green card." Because Canada has the title of Maple Leaf Country, the background pattern on the new ID card consists of several maple leaves, so the locals call it "Maple Leaf Card."
The plastic "Maple Leaf Card", which is the size of a bank card, is equipped with twenty anti-counterfeiting designs. The cardholder’s digital photo and signature, name, nationality, date of birth, gender, eye color, height, arrival location, immigration category and permanent resident identification number are all displayed above. For more sensitive personal data, the "Maple Leaf Card" is displayed with an optical barcode and can only be read using a special scanning device. Hundreds of thousands of permanent residents who have arrived in Canada will be able to apply for the “Maple Leaf Card†from October 2002. The current “Immigration Entry Paper†will expire after December 31, 2003. Canadian immigration officials believe that the "Maple Leaf Card", in addition to its strong anti-counterfeiting function, can speed up the review process for permanent residents when they enter the country and strengthen the security of the border.
United Kingdom:
The UK Identity Card will store three biometric features: iris scans, fingerprints and digital photos, personal information such as name, date of birth, etc. will be included in the card, and its back-end system will include a brand new national identity registration system and unique The identity number, however, how much citizen information is kept in the database remains to be further discussed.
The ID card bill was proposed by the then Home Secretary, David Blunkett, in November last year. He did a lot of work before submitting to Congress, such as providing detailed information on past and current addresses and the holder's national insurance number. The bill was passed by 292 votes in the lower house of the British Parliament. If everything goes as planned, the bill will be implemented before the May general election, and its technical process will be launched early this summer, with the goal of full launch in 2008, when the ID card will be available to all UK Adult citizens are issued. The plan is expected to cost £5.5 billion.
At the same time as the legislative reforms, the Ministry of the Interior is discussing details and technical specifications with expert consultants. The government will also set up an independent agency to carry out the issuance of identity cards and the maintenance of the national identity system.
Japan:
Japan's National Computer ID System began full operation on August 25, 2003, so that Japan's 126 million nationals can self-identify through their unique 11-digit number. This online database contains the name, address, date of birth and gender of each citizen. This is an important measure for the Japanese government to speed up administrative procedures, such as address change filing, applying for a passport, etc.
The Japanese government has broken the previously set restrictions on age, even if it is a newborn baby, as long as it is a legal Japanese citizen, it will have an ID card. According to the Japanese Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications officials in charge of the Japanese Ministry of Internal Affairs, with the launch of the new identity card system, the basic personal data of 126 million citizens in Japan, including the citizen’s name, address, gender, date of birth and a new 11-member status The passwords will be stored in a national citizen profile database.
Officials from the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications said that the new ID card system was launched to improve the efficiency of public service agencies and provide citizens with faster ways to do things. There are also many Japanese who worry that the new system will make their personal privacy unprotected.
Regarding the public's concerns, the Japanese government has proposed a new bill to protect citizens' personal data. It stipulates that once a citizen's personal data is leaked, the perpetrator will be sentenced to 2 years in prison and fined 1 million yen ($8,568).
Costa Rica:
In Costa Rica, all citizens over the age of 18 must participate in the election. The old vintage paper identity card needs to be processed around the card during the election and is very easy to be faked. Therefore, it is urgent to update, and the Costa Rican smart identity card is also reformed in the country. The need for the electoral process was advanced. In the past, this card was mainly used to confirm checks and replace driver's licenses, but now the system can speed up the efficiency of government services and reduce the losses caused by fraud. Fernando Viquez, head of the National Elections Legislative Council, said: "We already have a good electoral system, but we are eager to go further. We hope to improve the voter identity registration system in the election."
The Costa Rican government has completed an electronic image system for digital identity photos by collaborating with suppliers such as Unisys, Digimarc ID, and Costa Rica. The system has been integrated with the existing citizen information database, with the goal of eventually collecting all 2 million citizens. Fingerprint, photo and signature information.
South Africa:
South Africa’s biometric identification card program is one of the largest projects in terms of the number of people involved. His national identity system (Hanis) has been in existence for nearly a decade, with the aim of providing each citizen with an intelligent identity card. Despite the delays and political controversy, the project has made significant progress and the back-end system and millions of fingerprint records in the national population registration system have been linked. The next step in the project is to select smart card suppliers and promote them among the 6.5 million citizens in the country. Local experts expect that it will take three to five years to complete.
The development of Hanis requires the integration of an automatic fingerprint identification system with the national population registration system. In order to create a set of operating systems, South Africa's paper fingerprint records must be digitized, and the original paper files are so vast that the buildings of the Chen archives are on the verge of collapse. These new records will form the basis of an identity card security authentication system, with each fingerprint having a unique identity.
The card's main goal will be to curb fraud, which has plagued South Africa and caused economic losses of up to 2 billion rand per year. Tony Volker, head of global operations at Unisys, a South African supplier, said: "Identity fraud is a major business problem facing South Africa." Once implemented, the identity card will bring endless benefits to the private sector, and the financial services sector will have access to millions of South African citizen information without the need for a bank account.
Malaysia:
In September 2001, Malaysia introduced MyKad, an identity card mandatory for all 23 million citizens.
The country already has a strong identity law, and citizens over the age of 12 must have an ID card. It turns out that using a versatile smart card can do a lot of things. By storing fingerprints and photos, MyKad can now provide many services beyond the ID card and driver's license; the card can store a history of allergic diseases; it can be used to collect public transportation and parking. Taxes and fees; they can also be used as basic bank cards in stores and online; they can also be used to withdraw cash from pre-deposit accounts at cash machines.
Malaysia now handles about 15,000 cards a day, and nearly 15 million Malaysians expect to start using it this year.
France:
The French new generation ID card and the corresponding database system are expected to be planned and developed this year, and citizens will use this card to replace the existing archival materials. The card will contain two biometric features: facial images and iris scans or fingerprints that citizens can use to receive e-government and e-commerce services.
However, this practice has also caused some controversy. The focus of the debate is whether citizens' privacy is threatened because of the potential for abuse of these concentrated personal information.
Belgium:
Belgium is actively creating an infrastructure environment by introducing high-tech electronic identification cards to replace existing low-tech products. Large-scale card upgrades have begun since the end of last year and are expected to be completed by the end of 2009.
The focus of the initiative is to provide the public with access to e-government and e-commerce services, and it is unclear whether biotechnology will increase, as it is not included in the original plan.
The first batch of cards was originally scheduled to be launched in the second half of 2003, but was stranded due to public concerns about the lack of government funding in its cost allocation plan. Since the identity card needs to be updated every five years, and the expected price of the identity card has risen from 5 to 7 euros to 10 to 15 euros, many authorities hope to transfer the cost of the identity card to the public.
Spain:
The new generation of electronic ID cards in Spain is expected to be launched in the country's mid-sized cities in early 2006, and nationwide promotion is expected to take place in late 2007 or early 2008.
The project aims to provide citizens with the convenience of enjoying e-government and e-commerce services. The ID card will combine the facial image and fingerprint biometric features and replace the existing low-tech products.
The technology was postponed for a year due to certain problems. The initial goal was to issue 100,000 cards during the 2006 test. It is expected that all Spanish citizens will use it by 2007, and the date has yet to be determined.
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