What is the main principle of ELISA?

What is the main principle of ELISA?

1. The coating antigen or antibody can be physically adsorbed on the surface of the solid phase carrier. The principle is that the hydrophobic portion between the surface of the protein and the polystyrene adsorbs to each other, and the immunological activity such as antigen-antibody reaction can be maintained after adsorption;

2. The labeled antigen or antibody can be linked to the enzyme by a covalent bond to form an enzyme conjugate, and the enzyme conjugate can still maintain its immunological activity and catalytic characteristics of the enzyme;

3. After the chromogenic enzyme conjugate is bound to the corresponding antigen or antibody in the solid phase carrier, it is also immobilized on the solid phase carrier. After the substrate of the enzyme is added, a color reaction may occur, which can be calculated according to the color depth of the reaction. The relative amount of antigen or antibody.
The most widely used immunoenzyme technology is the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which is a heterogeneous solid phase enzyme immunoassay if classified. The heterophase means that it is not necessary to separate the enzyme-labeled antigen antibody from the free antigen antibody at the time of detection, and the so-called solid phase refers to an ELISA 96-well plate solid phase carrier.

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