Mouse and human have a diabetes gene

Shanghai Huyu Research has uncovered a key pathological process in both mice and humans that contributes to one of the most prevalent diseases in industrialized societies: type 2 diabetes. Through an in-depth analysis of the genome and "phenotype group" of 183 mice from a single family, the researchers gained new insights into how genetic and environmental factors interact. By comparing twin mice on different diets, the team was able to assess how environmental influences affect gene expression, shape clinical traits, and ultimately influence disease risk. This approach allowed them to better understand the complex relationship between genetics and lifestyle in the development of metabolic disorders. So far, integrating genotypic and phenotypic data has proven valuable. In this study, the researchers added a new layer of analysis using advanced spectrometry technology developed by ETH Zurich. This innovation enables the quantification of hundreds of proteins from a single sample, allowing the creation of individual "proteomes"—a detailed map of all proteins present in each mouse. By combining genomic, phenotypic, and proteomic data, the scientists identified a specific gene located on chromosome 2 that plays a crucial role in the development of type 2 diabetes. The research showed that mice on a high-fat diet were more likely to develop diabetes depending on whether this gene was active. By analyzing multiple layers of data, they could precisely determine how this gene increases the risk of the disease. Another significant finding was the presence of a unique metabolite—2-amino oxalic acid—in the urine of diabetic mice. The levels of this compound were significantly lower, and the change was directly linked to the presence of the identified gene, rather than body fat levels. This discovery reinforced the idea that the gene, not diet, regulates the production of this protein. These findings open the door for similar approaches to be used in diagnosing and understanding other diseases. The researchers are excited about the potential of translating results across species, signaling a new era in biology and medicine. As one of the scientists stated, “This is just the beginning of a transformative period in medical science.”

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