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Exosomes were first identified in the supernatant of cultured sheep red blood cells in vitro. These small, vesicle-like structures are actively secreted and have a uniform size range of 30-100 nm with a density between 1.10 and 1.18 g/ml. As molecular technologies advanced, the study of exosomes has deepened significantly. In 2013, three scientists were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their groundbreaking work on cell membrane transport mechanisms, which further elevated the importance of exosome research.
In recent years, an increasing body of evidence highlights the clinical significance of exosomes. Acting as intercellular messengers, they carry various proteins and miRNAs, playing key roles in cell signaling, migration, angiogenesis, and tumor growth. Their potential as natural drug carriers for cancer detection and treatment makes them a promising area of study.
However, domestic research on exosomes remains limited. Techniques such as centrifugation, filtration, or immunomagnetic beads often fail to ensure both the purity and biological activity of exosomes, which hinders their production and subsequent analysis. Additionally, current measurement techniques struggle to keep up with the complexity of exosome samples, slowing down research progress.
To align with global advancements and improve healthcare outcomes for Chinese patients, a third-tier hospital in Guangzhou launched an exosome characterization initiative this year. They faced a critical decision: choosing the right equipment for accurate and reliable results.
The hospital evaluated several mainstream methods, including electron microscopy, flow cytometry, and dynamic light scattering. However, each had significant limitations—electron microscopy offered limited representativeness, flow cytometry was unsuitable for smaller particles, and dynamic light scattering struggled with polydisperse samples.
After careful consideration, the hospital turned to Malvern Instruments, a leader in materials and biophysical characterization. Their NanoSight NS 300, utilizing patented nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), stood out for its ability to directly observe nanoparticles in real-time, track Brownian motion, and calculate hydrodynamic radius and concentration. This technology provided a powerful solution for exosome analysis.
Malvern’s NS 300 not only improved efficiency but also enhanced accuracy. The system allows fluorescence-based identification of specific exosome markers, offering detailed particle size distribution and concentration data. It supports low-concentration testing and is ideal for complex biological samples like serum or urine.
The NS 300 is user-friendly, requiring no lengthy calibration. Its integrated hardware and software streamline the process, making it easy to use and highly efficient. According to the hospital’s researchers, tasks that once took an afternoon can now be completed in an hour, saving time and labor costs.
Beyond the technology, Malvern’s strong customer support played a crucial role. Their team of application experts and engineers provided tailored guidance, helping the hospital optimize their workflow and achieve better results.
With the NS 300, the hospital has made significant progress in exosome research, uncovering differences in exosome size and distribution between normal and tumor tissues. As more experiments continue, the hospital is confident in achieving even greater breakthroughs.
Although exosome research in China is still emerging, it holds immense promise for clinical applications. NTA technology offers a reliable and efficient way to measure exosome size and concentration, opening new avenues for future studies. With continued innovation, the next generation of NTA systems will play a vital role in advancing exosome research and improving human health.
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