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[Office Partner Information Center] In the era of using film in the past, the film was sent to the print shop and printed out by the store. Today, we use digital cameras to capture the vast majority of content, and many people have purchased the printer to print the photos they have taken. However, many people did not make the correct settings when printing photos, which caused the printer to print a photo with a slight deviation from the color of the post adjustment. Some people also know that photo printing is good or bad related to ICC, but what is ICC and how should it be used? Here we will introduce you to the correct setting of photo printing. Let's start with the ICC.
â—What is ICC?
ICC is an abbreviation of Internazionle Color Consortium.
As an organization jointly sponsored by the company, the International Color Alliance was established in 1993. At that time, computer graphics and image technology was starting, but because of the obvious difference in color between display and output devices manufactured by different enterprises and different devices, Adobe, Agfa, Apple, Kodak, Microsoft, Silicon Valley Graphics, Sun, Taligent The eight companies have joined together to become an ICC organization, aiming to get a common color management method through the alliance, so that the color will not be different because of different operating systems and software. The ICC we mentioned at the beginning is the general color description file issued by this alliance.
ICC official website organization member list
In a blink of an eye, nearly 20 years have passed, and more and more color-related equipment has been added. The ICC organization is also growing. Today, Canon, HP, and Epson, which we are familiar with in manufacturing inkjet photo printers, have joined ICC. Organization, become one of them.
The biggest contribution of the ICC organization is to promote a common color management approach and to develop a file with a .icc or .icm suffix to describe the color characteristics of the device. However, what is the color characteristics of the device?
â—The device has color characteristics
"Dewei", "Master", "Learning"... These three ridiculous words of the photographic forum are very popular on the Internet. But if you ask a hundred photographers randomly, what is the taste? I am afraid at least half of the people can't answer. There are many similar arguments, such as "Newcomers want to play SLR, want to buy a good color is to buy Canon, Nikon or Sony?", "I want to play photos myself, Canon and Epson which color is good?" . The emergence of these problems shows that whether it is shooting, displaying or printing, the same content, different devices display different colors.
Different ways of expressing colors are the issues we will discuss in this article. Taking shooting and display devices as an example, the CCD, CMOS and Other photosensitive elements of our digital cameras, the cathode ray tube and the liquid crystal panel of the display all use RGB to reproduce images. Whether it is a photography class or an art class, it will tell us that red, green and blue are the three primary colors of color, which are the three primary colors of light.
The three primary colors of light
But the printer is different. Printing and printing, using CMYK's color system, using cyan, magenta, yellow and black to present images on paper. The complementary color is used instead of the primary color. Some people will be very curious, because the tools for creating paintings also have red, green and blue. Why doesn't the printer print with these three primary colors?
This is because, when we break down the white sunlight from the prism, we get a color transition band from red to purple. On the device, for the convenience of manufacture, use red, green and blue to mix, in theory, all other colors can be copied. . However, it should also be noted that the light mixed with the three colors of red, green and blue is white, and we take photos, and the paper is also white.
Pigment primary color
But as the saying goes, black and white, we need to express black on white paper, so we must use the color of the complementary color system, because in theory, the three colors of cyan, magenta and yellow are black together, which is the three primary colors of the pigment. Of course, the theory belongs to the theory. In fact, the pigments currently available, such as blue, magenta and yellow, cannot be mixed with pure black, so a fourth color is needed. Different companies, the pigments or dyes obtained are similar in color, but the chemical composition is different, and there are differences in color.
The same is true for cameras. Even with the same camera, if you use different lenses, there will be slight color differences. Because different lens structures are different, the materials and quantities of lenses are different, which will inevitably lead to different levels of light absorption. , producing color differences. The former German taste refers to the overall light absorption characteristics exhibited by Schott to the optical glass of Carl Zeiss, Lycra, and Schneider before the EU ROHS.
Cold cathode lamp (CCFL) is one of the common backlight sources for liquid crystal displays.
The display device is the same. In the cathode ray tube, which is the CRT era, the color will be different because of the phosphor. Nowadays, the liquid crystal display is used, but the backlight module of the liquid crystal is used by some CCFL lamps, and some are used. It is a white LED, and some use RGB LEDs. The color of these backlights is different, which causes the color to be different even if the same computer is connected to three different displays.
So, the next question arises, how can we make the color difference of these devices smaller?
â—ICC file production method
In order for different devices to look very close when shooting, displaying, and printing the same color, you must know what characteristics these devices have when restoring colors. However, to get the same color, you must first establish the standard. The Commission Internationale de l'éclairage (CIE) is an organization that specializes in the development of standards in this area.
Here we are not going to investigate the details of the International Commission on Illumination and related standards. We only need to know now that we want to know how a color-related device can be obtained.
This article focuses on printers, so let's talk about the characteristics of the printer. As we said before, different types of printers use different types of inks and inks, including the way they spray ink, and the size of ink droplets. The same is true for paper. Different papers from different companies have high light and half light. The difference between the suede and the like, and the different paper surfaces, the absorption characteristics of the ink are also different. These complex features together make people feel helpless.
The significance of the X-Rite 24-color card is to establish a set of color standards.
Then you need to develop a standard. X-Rite's system is the most commonly used in common color management tools. Its 24-color color card has become the de facto standard. Once the standard is established, the rest is relatively simple: let the color of the device be as close as possible to the standard color card.
To get closer to the color deviation, you need to know what the standard or ideal color is. What the printer actually gets. By what kind of adjustment, you can actually get closer to the standard, and write these characteristics into a file for description. Is the .icc file.
X-Rite i1 kit and photometer are widely used in color management
The printer icc is manufactured in a variety of tools. X-Rite's i1 spectrophotometer is the most common measurement tool, but measurement alone is not enough. Software is also required for calculation.
The advantage of professional software is that there are more samples and better algorithms.
The price difference between software is very big. The difference between these softwares is free or cheap, the software bundled with the equipment, the measured color blocks are few, and the expensive software measures more color blocks, the algorithm is better, and the natural ones are obtained. The result is more accurate. Because the International Color Consortium only defines the format of the icc file, it does not define the processing details such as the algorithm that specifically obtains the icc file.
â— Location and use of the icc file
How to get the icc file of the printer in concrete operation, we will introduce it to you separately in future articles. Here we introduce the use method.
The location of the icc file is located in both WindowsXP and Windows7 operating systems.
Where to store the icc color profile under Windows 7
If you install software such as Photoshop on your computer, you will find many files that are familiar with .icc or .icm in this directory. The Windows 7 operating system greatly enhances the color management capabilities of the system. In the control panel, there is a separate color management option.
Color management of Windows 7 control panel
Assign icc to the device
Advanced options for color management
In Windows 7, you can create a proprietary color profile for the device, but this feature is more important for configuring the display, because the previous Windows XP operating system configured the ICC file to have a direct function in the control panel. It takes a lot of trouble. Windows 7 even has a small program built in to help correct the display. But configuring the printer is not as simple as specifying it in the control panel of Windows 7.
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