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[ppzhan Abstract] With the continuous development of work, the printing standardization work needs to go forward in the process of continuous development, and solve the problems and challenges faced in the continuous development.
At present, China's printing standardization work faces four challenges and problems. 1. How to integrate printing standardization work with enterprises and markets. Fundamentally speaking, the SAC/TC170 Secretariat is a technical organization that serves enterprises on the main battlefield of the economy. The SAC/TC170 Secretariat can only form a synergy with enterprises more closely, in order to better understand and support the needs of enterprises, and make better use of the human, technical and financial resources of enterprises to serve the development of China's printing industry. However, there are still many bottlenecks that need to be broken in this regard.
2. Printing standardization work requires a stable staff team. Printing standardization work should be developed in a stable and benign direction. The SAC/TC170 Secretariat staff team must be gradually expanded. This is the basis for the orderly and sound development of printing standardization work. Our country has only surpassed and surpassed the other shortcuts of other printing powers in a short period of time. However, from the current point of view, the printing standardization staff is not particularly stable. The main reason is that the quality of the personnel required by the SAC/TC170 Secretariat is relatively high. According to the market principle, the staffing should be correspondingly higher, otherwise the talents cannot be retained. The Secretariat now has only five people, but there have been more than 20 people working in the Secretariat in the past five years, and the mobility of the staff is very large. From the perspective of the nature of the public welfare work of the Secretariat, it is difficult to obtain sufficient funds from the market to solve this problem.
3. Printing standardization work is less involved in international activities. Although the SAC/TC170 Secretariat actively participates in various activities in the international printing standardization activities, it strives to gain more say in ISO/TC130 and borrows ISO/TC130 in September 2009. On the occasion of the annual meeting in China, the opportunity to form the ISO/TC130 post-press working group and send a team leader was obtained, but no suitable candidate for the team leader has yet been found. In addition, in the participation in international printing standardization work activities, there is still lack of financial support from relevant government departments, which also greatly restricts the development of China's participation in international printing standardization activities.
4. The overall awareness of standardization in China's printing industry is still poor. At present, the standardization awareness of the entire printing industry in China is still relatively poor, which is very unfavorable for the formulation of a set of printing technical standards that meet the needs of China's national conditions. It is precisely because of this, in the development of printing standards, it takes more time, energy and financial resources to conduct market research and experimental testing to obtain good technical data. In doing so, it will objectively further increase the gap between time and funding in the printing standardization work. Therefore, the entire printing industry, the awareness of standardization needs to be improved.
The printing standardization work needs to go forward in the process of continuous development and solve the above problems and challenges in the continuous development.
The development direction of China's printing standardization work:
From the perspective of accelerating and promoting the future development of printing standardization, there is a need to address the sustainability issues of the SAC/TC170 Secretariat. Without a strong secretariat, China's printing standardization work does not have the basis for strengthening and expanding, and it is impossible to compete with other printing powers for the right to speak international printing standardization. To solve this problem, we can consider establishing a joint-stock public welfare institution in the form of state holding, and using market means to solve the secretariat funding problem by serving the enterprise. At the same time, the introduction of competition and reward mechanisms will enable the staff to obtain more protection and attract more talents to join the printing standardization work.
From the perspective of increasing the participation of enterprises in the printing standardization work, it is necessary for all levels of government to give more preferential policies to enterprises participating in printing standardization work in terms of taxation and incentives.
At present, from the localities, local governments are very supportive of local enterprises to take the lead in or participate in the development of various printing national standards, industry standards and even international standards. Beijing, Shenzhen, Shanghai, Dongguan and other local governments have a lot of Funding support measures and incentive policies. This is a good background and condition for the future of printing standardization, but it is still far from enough. More local governments and even the central government are required to give more policy support. At the same time, SAC/TC170 also needs to increase contact with enterprises, and establish cooperation models for enterprises, colleges or local governments in various forms suitable for the development of printing standardization.
From the perspective of China's participation in international competition, it is necessary for SAC/TC170 to jointly work with more leading enterprises in the printing industry, which will help China's printing industry's corporate standards and industry standards be actively recommended to become international standards. This requires a group of experts familiar with the domestic and international printing standardization procedures, experts who can be supported by the company, actively and regularly participate in various international and domestic printing standardization work, and represent China's printing industry in the international voice of China. Of course, behind these sounds, more support from the first-line production technology data is needed, and more funding is needed.
At present, China's printing standardization work faces four challenges and problems. 1. How to integrate printing standardization work with enterprises and markets. Fundamentally speaking, the SAC/TC170 Secretariat is a technical organization that serves enterprises on the main battlefield of the economy. The SAC/TC170 Secretariat can only form a synergy with enterprises more closely, in order to better understand and support the needs of enterprises, and make better use of the human, technical and financial resources of enterprises to serve the development of China's printing industry. However, there are still many bottlenecks that need to be broken in this regard.
2. Printing standardization work requires a stable staff team. Printing standardization work should be developed in a stable and benign direction. The SAC/TC170 Secretariat staff team must be gradually expanded. This is the basis for the orderly and sound development of printing standardization work. Our country has only surpassed and surpassed the other shortcuts of other printing powers in a short period of time. However, from the current point of view, the printing standardization staff is not particularly stable. The main reason is that the quality of the personnel required by the SAC/TC170 Secretariat is relatively high. According to the market principle, the staffing should be correspondingly higher, otherwise the talents cannot be retained. The Secretariat now has only five people, but there have been more than 20 people working in the Secretariat in the past five years, and the mobility of the staff is very large. From the perspective of the nature of the public welfare work of the Secretariat, it is difficult to obtain sufficient funds from the market to solve this problem.
3. Printing standardization work is less involved in international activities. Although the SAC/TC170 Secretariat actively participates in various activities in the international printing standardization activities, it strives to gain more say in ISO/TC130 and borrows ISO/TC130 in September 2009. On the occasion of the annual meeting in China, the opportunity to form the ISO/TC130 post-press working group and send a team leader was obtained, but no suitable candidate for the team leader has yet been found. In addition, in the participation in international printing standardization work activities, there is still lack of financial support from relevant government departments, which also greatly restricts the development of China's participation in international printing standardization activities.
4. The overall awareness of standardization in China's printing industry is still poor. At present, the standardization awareness of the entire printing industry in China is still relatively poor, which is very unfavorable for the formulation of a set of printing technical standards that meet the needs of China's national conditions. It is precisely because of this, in the development of printing standards, it takes more time, energy and financial resources to conduct market research and experimental testing to obtain good technical data. In doing so, it will objectively further increase the gap between time and funding in the printing standardization work. Therefore, the entire printing industry, the awareness of standardization needs to be improved.
The printing standardization work needs to go forward in the process of continuous development and solve the above problems and challenges in the continuous development.
The development direction of China's printing standardization work:
From the perspective of accelerating and promoting the future development of printing standardization, there is a need to address the sustainability issues of the SAC/TC170 Secretariat. Without a strong secretariat, China's printing standardization work does not have the basis for strengthening and expanding, and it is impossible to compete with other printing powers for the right to speak international printing standardization. To solve this problem, we can consider establishing a joint-stock public welfare institution in the form of state holding, and using market means to solve the secretariat funding problem by serving the enterprise. At the same time, the introduction of competition and reward mechanisms will enable the staff to obtain more protection and attract more talents to join the printing standardization work.
From the perspective of increasing the participation of enterprises in the printing standardization work, it is necessary for all levels of government to give more preferential policies to enterprises participating in printing standardization work in terms of taxation and incentives.
At present, from the localities, local governments are very supportive of local enterprises to take the lead in or participate in the development of various printing national standards, industry standards and even international standards. Beijing, Shenzhen, Shanghai, Dongguan and other local governments have a lot of Funding support measures and incentive policies. This is a good background and condition for the future of printing standardization, but it is still far from enough. More local governments and even the central government are required to give more policy support. At the same time, SAC/TC170 also needs to increase contact with enterprises, and establish cooperation models for enterprises, colleges or local governments in various forms suitable for the development of printing standardization.
From the perspective of China's participation in international competition, it is necessary for SAC/TC170 to jointly work with more leading enterprises in the printing industry, which will help China's printing industry's corporate standards and industry standards be actively recommended to become international standards. This requires a group of experts familiar with the domestic and international printing standardization procedures, experts who can be supported by the company, actively and regularly participate in various international and domestic printing standardization work, and represent China's printing industry in the international voice of China. Of course, behind these sounds, more support from the first-line production technology data is needed, and more funding is needed.
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Construction may include several types of wood; lumber (timber), plywood, engineered woods, etc. For some purposes, decorative woods are used.
Boxes and crates are not the same. If the sheathing of the container (plywood, lumber, etc.) can be removed, and a framed structure will remain standing, the container would likely be termed a crate. If removal of the sheathing resulted in there being no way of fastening the lumber around the edges of the container, the container would likely be termed a wooden box.
The strength of a wooden box is rated based on the weight it can carry before the cap (top, ends, and sides) is installed. "Skids" or thick bottom runners, are sometimes specified to allow forklift trucks access for lifting.
Performance is strongly influenced by the specific design, type of wood, type of fasteners (nails, etc.), workmanship, etc.
Some boxes have handles, hand holes, or hand holds.
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