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Low superheat pouring has been implemented to further lower the tapping temperature of the converter. Based on the liquidus temperature and production experience for each steel grade, the superheat in the continuous casting tundish has been reduced from 30°C to 15°C. This reduction helps lower the temperature before and after argon treatment by 15°C, laying a solid foundation for decreasing the converter's tapping temperature. By optimizing this process, energy consumption is minimized, and the quality of the molten steel is improved, contributing to more efficient steelmaking operations.
The slag splashing technique for furnace protection was developed by LTV Steel Company in the U.S. in 1991. By 1994, the Indiana plant of LTV had successfully used this method for over 15,000 heats. In 1997, China initiated trials of the slag splashing technology and achieved positive results. In recent years, the technology has been widely adopted across China, bringing significant economic benefits. However, due to the relatively small capacity of most Chinese converters, overloading is common, which often leads to issues like rising furnace bottoms, reducing the effective volume of the converter. Additionally, problems such as gun misalignment and hood sticking frequently occur during smelting, limiting the performance of the furnace. To better apply the Shandong Metallurgy technology and integrate it with practical slag splashing experiences, several key process challenges have been examined and discussed in detail.
The slag-making process is optimized using the slag splashing technology. During the smelting process, the slagging procedure must ensure effective dephosphorization and desulfurization, while also managing the chemical attack of the slag on the refractory lining. The final slag's MgO content is carefully controlled to meet the specific requirements of the slag splashing process, ensuring that the slag is suitable for the protective coating application. This helps maintain the integrity of the furnace lining and improves overall operational efficiency.
During the initial stage of converter smelting, the first reactions involve the oxidation of silicon (Si) and manganese (Mn) in the molten iron, leading to the formation of a large amount of SiOâ‚‚. If the lime has low activity, its melting rate is slow, delaying the increase in slag basicity. As a result, the slag remains in a low-alkalinity state for a longer period, which increases the extent of erosion on the furnace lining. This early-stage corrosion can significantly affect the service life of the refractory materials, making it essential to manage the slag composition and reaction conditions effectively to protect the furnace lining and enhance overall durability.
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