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At present, the packaging containers used for pharmaceutical raw materials and pharmaceutical exports in China are mostly packed in paper drums. Due to their high strength, elasticity, and non-oxidative pollution, compared with steel drums, they have anti-static properties, light weight, easy recycling, and short processing cycles. The low-level advantages are generally welcomed by the pharmaceutical industry. Applications have also become more widespread, not only in the pharmaceutical industry, but also in the chemical, food, indigenous, hardware, minerals, building materials, electrical and mechanical and defense industries, a considerable part of which is used for packaging of export commodities.
The packaging container drums are divided into two categories, one is a full-paper drum, and the appearance is round and square. They are all made of high-strength cardboard and processed on a dedicated drum molding machine. Most of the cardboard raw materials used are Paper fiber and wood fiber are easy to recycle and reuse. If they need emergency treatment, they can be burned and no toxic gas will be produced. Therefore, the whole paper pulp can be called from the whole process of its raw materials and production process to waste. With "green packaging", exports are easily accepted by foreign merchants. The structure of another type of paper bucket is reinforced with iron sheet at the upper and lower bottoms of the circular paper barrel. The upper and lower bottoms of the paper bucket are made of full paper or pentacholamulus and are reinforced with iron sheet under the same volume. The structure of the drum is higher than the full paper drum in terms of strength and weight. The structural design of the drum is as follows:
1. The raw material chosen should suit the requirements of the drum:
The structure of the barrel is multi-layered. The barrel is manufactured by the spiral winding method. The various indicators of the cardboard are related to the overall quality of the barrel. The general choice of the cardboard is 300-360 g/m2, in order to guarantee the barrel The strength and rigidity of the paperboard raw material are generally not less than 18N.m/g for a loop pressure strength of 300 g/m2, a burst resistance index of not less than 3.0kpa·m2/g, a transverse bending resistance of not less than 50 times, and moisture content. Not more than 10%.
2. The strength and deformation of the carton The strength of the design carton is not only related to the raw materials used, but also related to the thickness of the carton and the axial force on the carton used. The material is determined and the circumference is certain. Under the circumstances, the vertical pressure strength of the drum should be greater than 8000N, the side pressure strength is greater than 4000N, and the puncture strength is greater than 10N.
The deformation of the drum is related to the stiffness of the drum, that is, whether the rigidity coefficient at the time of design is reasonable. The deformation of the tub is proportional to the side pressure and the circumference of the cylinder, and inversely proportional to the elastic modulus of the tub, the thickness of the tub, and the number of layers, that is, the greater the pressure acting on the tub side, As the circumference grows, the larger the deformation of the bucket, the larger the elastic modulus of the bucket, the greater the number of layers and the greater the thickness, the less deformation. It follows that to make the paper drum stress small, the number of layers of the paper drum and the thickness of the paperboard should be increased. Whereas the stiffness coefficient of the paper drum is large, the stiffness of the paper drum is greater. Materials should be made of cardboard with high elastic modulus, a large number of layers with thick paper and relatively small diameter structures.
3. The design of the concave ring groove on the upper and lower part of the drum:
In order to enhance the strength of the paper drum, it is fixed on the paper drum and the lower mouth part is rolled with a concave ring groove, which is also called a barrel hoop. The hoop at the mouth of the barrel is called the hoop, and the hoop at the bottom (bottom) is called the hoop. The main functions of the hoop hoop are: 1 to ensure the strength of the drum, and to maintain the roundness of the barrel mouth body. 2 Reinforce the sealer, which can make the lid and the barrel well positioned and interchangeable. 3 The positioning of the drum forming equipment (sealing machine). The function of the lower barrel hoop is to fix the barrel body and the five-plywood into a firm whole. Therefore, whether the shape of the circular arc of the barrel hoop groove and the size design are reasonable or not have a great influence on the quality of the drum. The designed barrel hoop groove is too deep and the arc curvature is small, and it is easy to break the barrel during the forming process; the barrel hoop groove is too shallow and the arc arc is too large, which directly affects the connection of the barrel bottom structure (with the barrel body). In the process of molding the back cover, the deformation of the steel band is large, and the amount of the iron plate rolled up to the barrel body is relatively small, resulting in that the cardboard and the penta-plywood are not firmly bonded. Therefore, when designing the arc shape size of the upper and lower hoop of the paper bucket, Choose the strength of the board, the thickness of the plywood, and the equipment used in the process of molding.
4. The problems that the drums are prone to occur and the corresponding countermeasures During the use of the drums, problems occur in the deformation of the drums in the handling process. The barrels and the bottoms of the drums are easily detached, especially the bottoms of the drums are separated from the joints of the five-plywood, resulting in quality. problem. The main reasons for analyzing the following are:
4.1 The influence of the quality of the penta-plywood on the quality of the bottom of the bucket:
When the bottom end of the drum is made of penta-plywood, the problem of the material of the penta-plywood is: 1 The thickness is not uniform, and most thicknesses do not meet the requirements. 2 The adhesive strength between the plywood layer and the layer is low, and it is debonded. 3 Plywood wood difference affects its strength. 4 Plywood blank size tolerances are inaccurate. The solution is to first use the material of the penta-plywood that meets the standards. The size of the blank should be strictly controlled within the tolerance range, and quality monitoring should be carried out. The thickness of the penta-ply is to be determined according to the maximum weight of the content of the drum, when the contents of the drum are When the weight is about 50 kg, the thickness of the plywood should not be less than 6 mm.
4.2 The effect of the quality of the barrel forming process on the bottom of the barrel.
In the production process of the barrel, the connection between the barrel body and the bottom of the barrel mainly depends on the back cover forming process, so the operation quality of the forming and sealing process affects the overall quality of the barrel. After the equipment type is determined, the size change of the various parts of the paper sealing mold should be inspected frequently. Because the mold is closed at the bottom of the closing paper barrel, the lock ring mold may be vertically and easily deviated, resulting in different binding and looseness of the bottom of the paper bucket, thereby affecting the bucket. The end is in line with the barrel.
4.3 establish a variety of technical quality management system, and effective control.
Specifically speaking, the management system for the entire production process must be established, including the raw material procurement system, key process control system, incoming inspection system, first inspection system, operator self-checking system, process mutual inspection system, and quality inspector inspection system. Finished product inspection system. The control procedures of the management system shall be established, and the methods and procedures for the approval, publication, marking, cataloging, use, modification, recovery, filing, storage and handling of the system shall be established. In the same place where the management system must be promptly issued and revoked, it is necessary to ensure that all sites use the effective version of the corresponding system.
4.4 Process control shall be performed on the whole production process. Firstly, technical procedures and inspection standards for each process in the production process shall be worked out, key processes affecting product quality shall be established, and continuous supervision shall be carried out to ensure that each process in the production process is affected. Control the status, and regularly review the control status of the production process, take corrective measures in time, resolve abnormal situations and problems, and complete the assessment records.
4.5 Establishing raw materials and finished product inspection systems and methods Establish a raw material inspection system and record the inspection results. The accuracy and precision of the testing equipment should meet the inspection requirements and be checked regularly. Process inspection includes the first inspection, self inspection, mutual inspection, inspection and clear records. The methods of product inspection are mainly divided into appearance inspection and performance inspection, and the internal control indicators for inspection are higher than those of national standards. The following describes the inspection methods, inspection requirements, and guidelines for the barrels.
4.5.1 Appearance Inspection: The visual inspection of the drums mainly includes sealers, lids (bottoms), barrels, adhesives, printing, etc. The inspection methods include sensory inspection and gauge inspection.
1 The sealer is the main part of the paper drum. Its cohesion, opening flexibility, interchangeability and fit with the barrel directly affect the quality of the packaging. Therefore, sealers should be used several times during inspection. Opening and closing of the mouth of the drum.
2 barrel test, no mechanical abrasion on the outer surface of the barrel body, barrel body round, no obvious round-off, dents, skew, no wrinkles, no open plastic, uniform paint coating, no leakage, no bubble no Obvious sag, paper barrel round curled paperless. The barrel diameter should be measured in the direction of the conjugate diameter of the upper and lower faces of the cardboard drum.
3 The inspection of the lid (bottom) mainly includes the use of materials and size detection: the use of penta-panels or other equivalent materials is required for the lid (bottom), but splicing is not allowed. The cover (bottom) surface should be flat, no warping, no missing corners, no damage. The size of the lid (bottom) should be controlled within tolerance limits.
4 drum adhesive. The adhesive agent used in the production process of the carton is PVA octyl water-soluble adhesive. It is mainly used for the bonding of main materials and fiber materials. It is not allowed to use adhesives that contain toxic and migration pollution.
5 Printing: The appearance of the printed content mainly includes the product name, origin, batch, weight (net weight, gross weight), mark marks, clear and evenly printed graphics, solid attachment, no running ink.
The inspection of the barrel body and the inside of the barrel requires that there is no defect in the barrel body seal, no burr, and no slag in the barrel.
4.5.2 Performance check of drums: There are two performance tests for drums: drop test and stacking test.
1 drop test: the sample temperature and humidity pretreatment: temperature 20 ± 2 °C, temperature (65 ± 5)%, time 48 hours, buckets should be filled with dry sand and sawdust mixture to reach the maximum acceptable quality and volume of 95%, and Closed, the temperature and humidity of the mixture is consistent with the sample pretreatment conditions. There are two drop test technical parameters: number of tests (6) and drop height (0.8 m). Test method: The pre-treated sample is lifted to a predetermined height with the test equipment. After stabilization, the shedding device is started to make the sample perform a free-fall motion instantaneously. Each piece of palm is dropped once. When dropping, first, each bucket should be made Any point on the bottom edge collides with the ground, and then the point on the top edge of each bucket that is adjacent to the handle of the closure collides with the ground. After the test is completed, check whether the lid (bottom) is peeled off and whether the contents are spilled.
2 stacking test. This test is carried out to simulate the stacking and stowage requirements of the package during actual storage. There are 3 stacking samples and the stacking height is 3 meters.
Test method: Put the sample on the stacking ground, place the load plate at the center of the top surface of the sample, and then place the weight on the load plate without causing impact, so that it is evenly contacted with the load plate. The total weight of the weight and the load plate and the specified value should be controlled within ±2%. The stacking load is 4900N. No leakage or cracking occurs in 24 hours. Permanent deformation should not affect the stacking capacity of the drum. (White Ice)
The packaging container drums are divided into two categories, one is a full-paper drum, and the appearance is round and square. They are all made of high-strength cardboard and processed on a dedicated drum molding machine. Most of the cardboard raw materials used are Paper fiber and wood fiber are easy to recycle and reuse. If they need emergency treatment, they can be burned and no toxic gas will be produced. Therefore, the whole paper pulp can be called from the whole process of its raw materials and production process to waste. With "green packaging", exports are easily accepted by foreign merchants. The structure of another type of paper bucket is reinforced with iron sheet at the upper and lower bottoms of the circular paper barrel. The upper and lower bottoms of the paper bucket are made of full paper or pentacholamulus and are reinforced with iron sheet under the same volume. The structure of the drum is higher than the full paper drum in terms of strength and weight. The structural design of the drum is as follows:
1. The raw material chosen should suit the requirements of the drum:
The structure of the barrel is multi-layered. The barrel is manufactured by the spiral winding method. The various indicators of the cardboard are related to the overall quality of the barrel. The general choice of the cardboard is 300-360 g/m2, in order to guarantee the barrel The strength and rigidity of the paperboard raw material are generally not less than 18N.m/g for a loop pressure strength of 300 g/m2, a burst resistance index of not less than 3.0kpa·m2/g, a transverse bending resistance of not less than 50 times, and moisture content. Not more than 10%.
2. The strength and deformation of the carton The strength of the design carton is not only related to the raw materials used, but also related to the thickness of the carton and the axial force on the carton used. The material is determined and the circumference is certain. Under the circumstances, the vertical pressure strength of the drum should be greater than 8000N, the side pressure strength is greater than 4000N, and the puncture strength is greater than 10N.
The deformation of the drum is related to the stiffness of the drum, that is, whether the rigidity coefficient at the time of design is reasonable. The deformation of the tub is proportional to the side pressure and the circumference of the cylinder, and inversely proportional to the elastic modulus of the tub, the thickness of the tub, and the number of layers, that is, the greater the pressure acting on the tub side, As the circumference grows, the larger the deformation of the bucket, the larger the elastic modulus of the bucket, the greater the number of layers and the greater the thickness, the less deformation. It follows that to make the paper drum stress small, the number of layers of the paper drum and the thickness of the paperboard should be increased. Whereas the stiffness coefficient of the paper drum is large, the stiffness of the paper drum is greater. Materials should be made of cardboard with high elastic modulus, a large number of layers with thick paper and relatively small diameter structures.
3. The design of the concave ring groove on the upper and lower part of the drum:
In order to enhance the strength of the paper drum, it is fixed on the paper drum and the lower mouth part is rolled with a concave ring groove, which is also called a barrel hoop. The hoop at the mouth of the barrel is called the hoop, and the hoop at the bottom (bottom) is called the hoop. The main functions of the hoop hoop are: 1 to ensure the strength of the drum, and to maintain the roundness of the barrel mouth body. 2 Reinforce the sealer, which can make the lid and the barrel well positioned and interchangeable. 3 The positioning of the drum forming equipment (sealing machine). The function of the lower barrel hoop is to fix the barrel body and the five-plywood into a firm whole. Therefore, whether the shape of the circular arc of the barrel hoop groove and the size design are reasonable or not have a great influence on the quality of the drum. The designed barrel hoop groove is too deep and the arc curvature is small, and it is easy to break the barrel during the forming process; the barrel hoop groove is too shallow and the arc arc is too large, which directly affects the connection of the barrel bottom structure (with the barrel body). In the process of molding the back cover, the deformation of the steel band is large, and the amount of the iron plate rolled up to the barrel body is relatively small, resulting in that the cardboard and the penta-plywood are not firmly bonded. Therefore, when designing the arc shape size of the upper and lower hoop of the paper bucket, Choose the strength of the board, the thickness of the plywood, and the equipment used in the process of molding.
4. The problems that the drums are prone to occur and the corresponding countermeasures During the use of the drums, problems occur in the deformation of the drums in the handling process. The barrels and the bottoms of the drums are easily detached, especially the bottoms of the drums are separated from the joints of the five-plywood, resulting in quality. problem. The main reasons for analyzing the following are:
4.1 The influence of the quality of the penta-plywood on the quality of the bottom of the bucket:
When the bottom end of the drum is made of penta-plywood, the problem of the material of the penta-plywood is: 1 The thickness is not uniform, and most thicknesses do not meet the requirements. 2 The adhesive strength between the plywood layer and the layer is low, and it is debonded. 3 Plywood wood difference affects its strength. 4 Plywood blank size tolerances are inaccurate. The solution is to first use the material of the penta-plywood that meets the standards. The size of the blank should be strictly controlled within the tolerance range, and quality monitoring should be carried out. The thickness of the penta-ply is to be determined according to the maximum weight of the content of the drum, when the contents of the drum are When the weight is about 50 kg, the thickness of the plywood should not be less than 6 mm.
4.2 The effect of the quality of the barrel forming process on the bottom of the barrel.
In the production process of the barrel, the connection between the barrel body and the bottom of the barrel mainly depends on the back cover forming process, so the operation quality of the forming and sealing process affects the overall quality of the barrel. After the equipment type is determined, the size change of the various parts of the paper sealing mold should be inspected frequently. Because the mold is closed at the bottom of the closing paper barrel, the lock ring mold may be vertically and easily deviated, resulting in different binding and looseness of the bottom of the paper bucket, thereby affecting the bucket. The end is in line with the barrel.
4.3 establish a variety of technical quality management system, and effective control.
Specifically speaking, the management system for the entire production process must be established, including the raw material procurement system, key process control system, incoming inspection system, first inspection system, operator self-checking system, process mutual inspection system, and quality inspector inspection system. Finished product inspection system. The control procedures of the management system shall be established, and the methods and procedures for the approval, publication, marking, cataloging, use, modification, recovery, filing, storage and handling of the system shall be established. In the same place where the management system must be promptly issued and revoked, it is necessary to ensure that all sites use the effective version of the corresponding system.
4.4 Process control shall be performed on the whole production process. Firstly, technical procedures and inspection standards for each process in the production process shall be worked out, key processes affecting product quality shall be established, and continuous supervision shall be carried out to ensure that each process in the production process is affected. Control the status, and regularly review the control status of the production process, take corrective measures in time, resolve abnormal situations and problems, and complete the assessment records.
4.5 Establishing raw materials and finished product inspection systems and methods Establish a raw material inspection system and record the inspection results. The accuracy and precision of the testing equipment should meet the inspection requirements and be checked regularly. Process inspection includes the first inspection, self inspection, mutual inspection, inspection and clear records. The methods of product inspection are mainly divided into appearance inspection and performance inspection, and the internal control indicators for inspection are higher than those of national standards. The following describes the inspection methods, inspection requirements, and guidelines for the barrels.
4.5.1 Appearance Inspection: The visual inspection of the drums mainly includes sealers, lids (bottoms), barrels, adhesives, printing, etc. The inspection methods include sensory inspection and gauge inspection.
1 The sealer is the main part of the paper drum. Its cohesion, opening flexibility, interchangeability and fit with the barrel directly affect the quality of the packaging. Therefore, sealers should be used several times during inspection. Opening and closing of the mouth of the drum.
2 barrel test, no mechanical abrasion on the outer surface of the barrel body, barrel body round, no obvious round-off, dents, skew, no wrinkles, no open plastic, uniform paint coating, no leakage, no bubble no Obvious sag, paper barrel round curled paperless. The barrel diameter should be measured in the direction of the conjugate diameter of the upper and lower faces of the cardboard drum.
3 The inspection of the lid (bottom) mainly includes the use of materials and size detection: the use of penta-panels or other equivalent materials is required for the lid (bottom), but splicing is not allowed. The cover (bottom) surface should be flat, no warping, no missing corners, no damage. The size of the lid (bottom) should be controlled within tolerance limits.
4 drum adhesive. The adhesive agent used in the production process of the carton is PVA octyl water-soluble adhesive. It is mainly used for the bonding of main materials and fiber materials. It is not allowed to use adhesives that contain toxic and migration pollution.
5 Printing: The appearance of the printed content mainly includes the product name, origin, batch, weight (net weight, gross weight), mark marks, clear and evenly printed graphics, solid attachment, no running ink.
The inspection of the barrel body and the inside of the barrel requires that there is no defect in the barrel body seal, no burr, and no slag in the barrel.
4.5.2 Performance check of drums: There are two performance tests for drums: drop test and stacking test.
1 drop test: the sample temperature and humidity pretreatment: temperature 20 ± 2 °C, temperature (65 ± 5)%, time 48 hours, buckets should be filled with dry sand and sawdust mixture to reach the maximum acceptable quality and volume of 95%, and Closed, the temperature and humidity of the mixture is consistent with the sample pretreatment conditions. There are two drop test technical parameters: number of tests (6) and drop height (0.8 m). Test method: The pre-treated sample is lifted to a predetermined height with the test equipment. After stabilization, the shedding device is started to make the sample perform a free-fall motion instantaneously. Each piece of palm is dropped once. When dropping, first, each bucket should be made Any point on the bottom edge collides with the ground, and then the point on the top edge of each bucket that is adjacent to the handle of the closure collides with the ground. After the test is completed, check whether the lid (bottom) is peeled off and whether the contents are spilled.
2 stacking test. This test is carried out to simulate the stacking and stowage requirements of the package during actual storage. There are 3 stacking samples and the stacking height is 3 meters.
Test method: Put the sample on the stacking ground, place the load plate at the center of the top surface of the sample, and then place the weight on the load plate without causing impact, so that it is evenly contacted with the load plate. The total weight of the weight and the load plate and the specified value should be controlled within ±2%. The stacking load is 4900N. No leakage or cracking occurs in 24 hours. Permanent deformation should not affect the stacking capacity of the drum. (White Ice)
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