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Authorware is an excellent interactive multimedia authoring software based on flow icons. It allows developers to create interactive applications using text, pictures, animations, sounds, digital movies and other information. It is an object-oriented, graphical flow line. Logic editing is a "no programming" multimedia tool software that is dominated by function variables, and dynamic link library (DLL) is an extension mechanism. During the development process, the author involved many technical issues and summed up the following points:
1, the title of the design and production of the film header generally use AVI files. AVI animation has a more intuitive three-dimensional effect, but the operating requirements are relatively high. Headlines made by AVI files play very poorly on some machines and are almost displayed frame by frame. Recently, it is more popular to use Flash .SWF files for titles. Flash4.0 does a small file, the operation is relatively simple, and plays more smoothly on most machines; in contrast, 3DMAX does a slice animation, not only in the design process of the developer's machine configuration requirements, but also made The AVI animation takes up a lot of memory during playback, and it is slow, making it impossible to make a full-screen display.
2, the choice of branches and frameworks Authorware, branches and frameworks are a composite structure, they can often achieve the same design goals, and sometimes can be mutually common, but there is a difference between them. The branch structure has advantages in execution path selection and automatic loop control, and the framework is more authentic and justified in the realization of page structure and hyperlinks.
The framework is a relatively independent module with good self-encapsulation. Exiting the framework is equivalent to exiting a function module. Buttons and displays in the module are automatically erased, which saves a lot of trouble; and the branch structure is relatively simple to control the execution of certain programs in a loop. In the main design, the main frame can be used to frame nesting; at the same time, the branch structure can also be used for looping.
3, material and program separation of materials including pictures, text, sound, animation and so on. In order to better control the media material, these materials can all be put together in the production, so that the editing material and programming can be separated. The method is: In the main flow, you can place a mapping icon, named Presets, and then in the Presets, place the decision icon, the material can be placed on the right side of the decision icon, set in the property dialog of the decision icon, respectively :
Repeat:Donot Repeat
Branch:To calculate Path, where no variable is entered in the Path text input.
Calling a picture can use the function DisplayIcon(IconID@"bb1")--bb1 to display the icon name to the right of the decision icon.
4, the material connection method Regardless of pictures or sound or video, there are external links, embedded in Authorware two ways. For images, click File/import and a dialog box will ask which image to import. If "link to File" is checked, the graph will be invoked as an external link
Use the picture built into Authorware, if the picture is not very large, its display is relatively fast; if there are a large number of pictures are used this way, it is best to put the picture into the library after the program is completed. Conversely, the use of an external link facilitates material modification and reduces the amount of data in the application file, improving operating efficiency.
The library file is to separate the program from the data. An object source in the library can be referenced multiple times in the application program. This greatly reduces the amount of data in the entire program and improves the operating efficiency of the program. Usually, the amount of data added to the library file and the Authorware master file is larger than that of all the icons in the library file to the Authorware file and no library file, but when the Windows operating system supports working hours What kind of file is needed to re-load the working mode, so, in the case of all the contents of an application without the library file, you need to transfer this file once, so that the performance requirements of the machine will be high; And if handled well, the content is divided into the main file plus several library files, the system will be transferred separately when executed, thus greatly improving the operating efficiency. Another advantage of using library files is that you can save media data.
5, the media material processing
(1) Excellent multimedia of pictures and texts should have rich content, attractive interfaces, and good interaction methods. Among them, whether the interface is beautiful, whether there is a new idea to a large extent determines the use of the software. Through scanning and other methods, some pictures can be obtained. In this software, pictures are basically in JPG format, and some of the animations use gifs. When dealing with pictures, taking into account that the current multimedia computers all have 16-bit color display, the resolution of the display is generally 800 × 600, so it does not consider the issue of color version, directly deal with the true color.
For a long time, the issue of palette has been plaguing multimedia developers. Due to limitations of the user's computer clock speed and display devices, multimedia playback often takes place in 256-color or even lower modes. Therefore, whether a multimedia disc can be played in a lower display mode has always been a measure of multimedia product quality. One of the important criteria (only mention the palette issue in 256-color mode). If the multimedia playback platform is a computer that is positioned on a true color, Pentium 166 or higher, the palette problem may not be considered at all. In the production of multimedia teaching software for industrial enterprises, a lot of text data is involved, and a lot of text input is very vexing. Using the HP Smart Scanner, we can scan originals into text at once, greatly improving work progress.
(2) There are mainly three ways that the recording multimedia computer generates sound: recording and playback by an external sound source, MIDI sound, and CD-Audio. They are called waveform audio, MIDI audio, and CD audio, respectively. Waveform audio is the most direct and simple way for multimedia computers to obtain sound. The sound card digitally samples the input sound with a certain sampling frequency and quantization level and converts it from analog sound to digital information (analog/digital conversion). When the sound is played, the sound card restores the digital signal in the file to an analog signal (modulo / Number conversion). According to the sampling theory, in order to ensure that the sound is not distorted, the sampling frequency should be around 40kHz, and the higher the sampling frequency, the smaller the sound distortion. The number of digits of quantized data is the range of data that each sample point can represent. The higher the number of digits of quantization, the better the sound quality, but the larger the amount of data. In general, with 22kHz sampling frequency, the quality of the 8-bit quantization bits is also good.
The standard digital audio used by Windows is called a waveform file (WAV) and records the actual sound sampled. The commentary is a waveform file recorded using the recorder in the WIndows98 accessory. MIDI audio is another way that multimedia computers generate. Comparing the WAV file with the MIDI file, it is found that the sound of the WAV file is the same on different computer sound cards, and the MIDI depends on the sound card settings and lacks the ability to reproduce the natural sound. This is because WAV is a sample of sound, whereas MIDI files do not sample music, but instead record each note as a number. In this software, we use WAV as a commentary and MIDI as background music.
When recording, we used a 22kHz sampling frequency and 16bit quantization bits. The software used was Acoustic 2.02. Acoustic is a visual recording and audio processing software. After recording, you can perform denoising and other operations. In addition, Sound Forge is also a good recording and sound processing software.
(3) Demonstration Production presentations can be either avi-animated or directly inserted into specific format files stored by the demonstration software. You can use the Hyper Cam or Lotus's ScreenCam 97 to record the screen. The default format of the files recorded by Lotus ScreenCam97 is .scm, which can be saved as .exe format by ScreenCam. If you save it as avi format, it is too large and the control is not very convenient. Therefore, in Authorware, we call Lotus ScreenCam's .exe file directly with a function. Call the .exe file as follows:
JumpOutReturn (FileLocation^"*.exe","/sc")
FileLocation represents the current directory. The parameter s indicates that the Lotus ScreenCam Logo screen is not displayed, and c indicates that the player will exit automatically after playing. A dynamic link library, ChgTitle.dll, was written to remove the title of the window dynamically in order to remove the title "Lotus ScreenCam 97" in the Lotus ScreenCam Playback Panel.
6, pay attention to the use of functions and plug-ins In Authorware, whether skilled use of the function greatly affects the execution of the program. Internal functions that are commonly used in Authorware are: eval(), evalAssign(), DisplayIcon(), EraseIcon(), GoTo(), and so on.
In addition, Authorware is not able to include all the functions of Windows in its system. In order to enable advanced users to control computers more deeply and widely, Authorware provides external functions.
UCD (User Code File) is a special Authorware external function file that the company has with the product; following its grammar specification, the user can also use VC/VC to develop a dedicated UCD. UCD and U32 are relative. UCD is used in a 16-bit operating system environment such as Windows 3.x. U32 is used in a 32-bit operating system such as Windows 95 (including Windows NT). External functions can be called via the menu command Window/Functions. External functions are generally used in pairs, because the external function is a direct control of the system, and its execution results will affect the system settings, so do not forget to use the uninstall function. Finally, we must pay attention to the external functions used in the program when packaging and distribution, must be placed in the Authorware master file can find the place.
With proper expansion, Authorware can do almost anything. There are many ways to expand, in addition to DLL or UCD, a variety of Xtra is currently becoming the protagonist, ActiveX Xtras is the upstart in the Authorware family. The Xtras in Authoware (the word xtras is weird, probably created by Macromedia, and can be thought of as "extended") are software modules that can extend the capabilities of Authorware in many ways. For example, using WebXtra, the Xtra plug-in, you can browse web pages in Authorware.
7, program packaged packaged file format There are three. Select the File>Package menu command. There are three packaging methods in the drop-down list of package file: With Runtime packaged files occupy a small space, users do not need to load the Authorware environment, but must execute the Runa5w32.exe file to execute; For Win 3.1 is an executable file under the Windows 3/1 environment, and For Windows 95 and NT is an executable file that can run under the Windows 9X or Windows NT environment. Selecting Resolve Broken links At Runtime can solve the problem of mis-linking the image icon and library icon of the program. Selecting Pack All Libraries Internally will include the libraries used in the executable file to prevent the program from finding the library file and causing an error.
When you package, include all dynamic link libraries, application extension files, etc., and specify the search path for external link files during file setup. The method is: Open the Interaction page of the file properties dialog box, enter: ".\pic;sound" in the edit area of ​​the Search Path item.
summary:
This article discusses some of the main issues that need to be noted when developing multimedia software with Authorware. Due to the limited level, it is inevitable that there are errors and omissions. Please correct me.
1, the title of the design and production of the film header generally use AVI files. AVI animation has a more intuitive three-dimensional effect, but the operating requirements are relatively high. Headlines made by AVI files play very poorly on some machines and are almost displayed frame by frame. Recently, it is more popular to use Flash .SWF files for titles. Flash4.0 does a small file, the operation is relatively simple, and plays more smoothly on most machines; in contrast, 3DMAX does a slice animation, not only in the design process of the developer's machine configuration requirements, but also made The AVI animation takes up a lot of memory during playback, and it is slow, making it impossible to make a full-screen display.
2, the choice of branches and frameworks Authorware, branches and frameworks are a composite structure, they can often achieve the same design goals, and sometimes can be mutually common, but there is a difference between them. The branch structure has advantages in execution path selection and automatic loop control, and the framework is more authentic and justified in the realization of page structure and hyperlinks.
The framework is a relatively independent module with good self-encapsulation. Exiting the framework is equivalent to exiting a function module. Buttons and displays in the module are automatically erased, which saves a lot of trouble; and the branch structure is relatively simple to control the execution of certain programs in a loop. In the main design, the main frame can be used to frame nesting; at the same time, the branch structure can also be used for looping.
3, material and program separation of materials including pictures, text, sound, animation and so on. In order to better control the media material, these materials can all be put together in the production, so that the editing material and programming can be separated. The method is: In the main flow, you can place a mapping icon, named Presets, and then in the Presets, place the decision icon, the material can be placed on the right side of the decision icon, set in the property dialog of the decision icon, respectively :
Repeat:Donot Repeat
Branch:To calculate Path, where no variable is entered in the Path text input.
Calling a picture can use the function DisplayIcon(IconID@"bb1")--bb1 to display the icon name to the right of the decision icon.
4, the material connection method Regardless of pictures or sound or video, there are external links, embedded in Authorware two ways. For images, click File/import and a dialog box will ask which image to import. If "link to File" is checked, the graph will be invoked as an external link
Use the picture built into Authorware, if the picture is not very large, its display is relatively fast; if there are a large number of pictures are used this way, it is best to put the picture into the library after the program is completed. Conversely, the use of an external link facilitates material modification and reduces the amount of data in the application file, improving operating efficiency.
The library file is to separate the program from the data. An object source in the library can be referenced multiple times in the application program. This greatly reduces the amount of data in the entire program and improves the operating efficiency of the program. Usually, the amount of data added to the library file and the Authorware master file is larger than that of all the icons in the library file to the Authorware file and no library file, but when the Windows operating system supports working hours What kind of file is needed to re-load the working mode, so, in the case of all the contents of an application without the library file, you need to transfer this file once, so that the performance requirements of the machine will be high; And if handled well, the content is divided into the main file plus several library files, the system will be transferred separately when executed, thus greatly improving the operating efficiency. Another advantage of using library files is that you can save media data.
5, the media material processing
(1) Excellent multimedia of pictures and texts should have rich content, attractive interfaces, and good interaction methods. Among them, whether the interface is beautiful, whether there is a new idea to a large extent determines the use of the software. Through scanning and other methods, some pictures can be obtained. In this software, pictures are basically in JPG format, and some of the animations use gifs. When dealing with pictures, taking into account that the current multimedia computers all have 16-bit color display, the resolution of the display is generally 800 × 600, so it does not consider the issue of color version, directly deal with the true color.
For a long time, the issue of palette has been plaguing multimedia developers. Due to limitations of the user's computer clock speed and display devices, multimedia playback often takes place in 256-color or even lower modes. Therefore, whether a multimedia disc can be played in a lower display mode has always been a measure of multimedia product quality. One of the important criteria (only mention the palette issue in 256-color mode). If the multimedia playback platform is a computer that is positioned on a true color, Pentium 166 or higher, the palette problem may not be considered at all. In the production of multimedia teaching software for industrial enterprises, a lot of text data is involved, and a lot of text input is very vexing. Using the HP Smart Scanner, we can scan originals into text at once, greatly improving work progress.
(2) There are mainly three ways that the recording multimedia computer generates sound: recording and playback by an external sound source, MIDI sound, and CD-Audio. They are called waveform audio, MIDI audio, and CD audio, respectively. Waveform audio is the most direct and simple way for multimedia computers to obtain sound. The sound card digitally samples the input sound with a certain sampling frequency and quantization level and converts it from analog sound to digital information (analog/digital conversion). When the sound is played, the sound card restores the digital signal in the file to an analog signal (modulo / Number conversion). According to the sampling theory, in order to ensure that the sound is not distorted, the sampling frequency should be around 40kHz, and the higher the sampling frequency, the smaller the sound distortion. The number of digits of quantized data is the range of data that each sample point can represent. The higher the number of digits of quantization, the better the sound quality, but the larger the amount of data. In general, with 22kHz sampling frequency, the quality of the 8-bit quantization bits is also good.
The standard digital audio used by Windows is called a waveform file (WAV) and records the actual sound sampled. The commentary is a waveform file recorded using the recorder in the WIndows98 accessory. MIDI audio is another way that multimedia computers generate. Comparing the WAV file with the MIDI file, it is found that the sound of the WAV file is the same on different computer sound cards, and the MIDI depends on the sound card settings and lacks the ability to reproduce the natural sound. This is because WAV is a sample of sound, whereas MIDI files do not sample music, but instead record each note as a number. In this software, we use WAV as a commentary and MIDI as background music.
When recording, we used a 22kHz sampling frequency and 16bit quantization bits. The software used was Acoustic 2.02. Acoustic is a visual recording and audio processing software. After recording, you can perform denoising and other operations. In addition, Sound Forge is also a good recording and sound processing software.
(3) Demonstration Production presentations can be either avi-animated or directly inserted into specific format files stored by the demonstration software. You can use the Hyper Cam or Lotus's ScreenCam 97 to record the screen. The default format of the files recorded by Lotus ScreenCam97 is .scm, which can be saved as .exe format by ScreenCam. If you save it as avi format, it is too large and the control is not very convenient. Therefore, in Authorware, we call Lotus ScreenCam's .exe file directly with a function. Call the .exe file as follows:
JumpOutReturn (FileLocation^"*.exe","/sc")
FileLocation represents the current directory. The parameter s indicates that the Lotus ScreenCam Logo screen is not displayed, and c indicates that the player will exit automatically after playing. A dynamic link library, ChgTitle.dll, was written to remove the title of the window dynamically in order to remove the title "Lotus ScreenCam 97" in the Lotus ScreenCam Playback Panel.
6, pay attention to the use of functions and plug-ins In Authorware, whether skilled use of the function greatly affects the execution of the program. Internal functions that are commonly used in Authorware are: eval(), evalAssign(), DisplayIcon(), EraseIcon(), GoTo(), and so on.
In addition, Authorware is not able to include all the functions of Windows in its system. In order to enable advanced users to control computers more deeply and widely, Authorware provides external functions.
UCD (User Code File) is a special Authorware external function file that the company has with the product; following its grammar specification, the user can also use VC/VC to develop a dedicated UCD. UCD and U32 are relative. UCD is used in a 16-bit operating system environment such as Windows 3.x. U32 is used in a 32-bit operating system such as Windows 95 (including Windows NT). External functions can be called via the menu command Window/Functions. External functions are generally used in pairs, because the external function is a direct control of the system, and its execution results will affect the system settings, so do not forget to use the uninstall function. Finally, we must pay attention to the external functions used in the program when packaging and distribution, must be placed in the Authorware master file can find the place.
With proper expansion, Authorware can do almost anything. There are many ways to expand, in addition to DLL or UCD, a variety of Xtra is currently becoming the protagonist, ActiveX Xtras is the upstart in the Authorware family. The Xtras in Authoware (the word xtras is weird, probably created by Macromedia, and can be thought of as "extended") are software modules that can extend the capabilities of Authorware in many ways. For example, using WebXtra, the Xtra plug-in, you can browse web pages in Authorware.
7, program packaged packaged file format There are three. Select the File>Package menu command. There are three packaging methods in the drop-down list of package file: With Runtime packaged files occupy a small space, users do not need to load the Authorware environment, but must execute the Runa5w32.exe file to execute; For Win 3.1 is an executable file under the Windows 3/1 environment, and For Windows 95 and NT is an executable file that can run under the Windows 9X or Windows NT environment. Selecting Resolve Broken links At Runtime can solve the problem of mis-linking the image icon and library icon of the program. Selecting Pack All Libraries Internally will include the libraries used in the executable file to prevent the program from finding the library file and causing an error.
When you package, include all dynamic link libraries, application extension files, etc., and specify the search path for external link files during file setup. The method is: Open the Interaction page of the file properties dialog box, enter: ".\pic;sound" in the edit area of ​​the Search Path item.
summary:
This article discusses some of the main issues that need to be noted when developing multimedia software with Authorware. Due to the limited level, it is inevitable that there are errors and omissions. Please correct me.
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