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The microscope is one of the products of continuous scientific progress. Before it was invented, we can only see what the naked eye can see. Now with the microscope, we can see a lot of tiny things that the naked eye cannot see, just like cells Structure, molecular structure, etc. Since it is so magical, the instrument must be well maintained, but before talking about maintenance, first understand its structure.
Our Beijing Yitenuo Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. has existing optical microscopes such as fluorescence microscope, biological microscope, metallographic microscope and so on. The structure of the optical microscope is mainly divided into three parts: machinery, illumination and optics.
â—† Mechanical part
Microscope structure drawing
(1) Mirror base: It is the base of the microscope to support the entire lens body.
(2) Mirror column: It is the upright part on the mirror base, which is used to connect the mirror base and the mirror arm.
(3) Mirror arm: one end is connected to the mirror column, and the other end is connected to the lens barrel, which is the part of the hand when holding the microscope.
(4) Lens tube: connected to the upper front of the lens arm, the upper end of the lens tube is equipped with an eyepiece, and the lower end is equipped with an objective lens converter.
(5) The objective lens converter (rotator) is abbreviated as "rotator": it is connected to the bottom of the prism shell and can be rotated freely. There are 3-4 circular holes on the disk to install the objective lens. Rotating the converter can change different magnifications. When the knocking sound is heard, the objective lens can be observed. At this time, the optical axis of the objective lens is just aligned with the center of the through hole, and the optical path is connected. After changing the objective lens, it is not allowed to use coarse adjusters, only fine adjusters to make the image clear.
(6) stage (stage): under the lens barrel, there are square and round shapes for placing slide specimens, and there is a light hole in the center. The microscope used in our microscope is equipped with a slide specimen pusher ( Slider), there is a spring clip on the left side of the pusher to hold the slide specimen, and there is a pusher adjustment wheel under the stage to make the slide specimen move in the left and right and front and back directions.
(7) Adjuster: It is two sizes of spiral mounted on the mirror column, and the mirror table is moved up and down during adjustment.
①Coarse adjuster (coarse quasi-focus spiral): the large helix is ​​called coarse adjuster, which can make the stage move up and down quickly when moving, so it can quickly adjust the distance between the objective lens and the specimen to make the object image appear in the field of view, Usually when using a low magnification lens, first use the coarse adjuster to quickly find the object image.
â‘¡Fine adjuster (fine quasi-focus spiral): the small spiral is called a fine adjuster, and the stage can be slowly raised and lowered when moving. It is mostly used when using a high magnification lens to obtain a clearer object image, and to observe the different levels and Structures of different depths.
â—† Lighting
Installed under the stage, including reflectors and light collectors.
(1) Reflector: It is mounted on the lens base and can be rotated in any direction. It has flat and concave sides. Its function is to reflect the light from the light source to the condenser, and then illuminate the specimen through the through hole. The concave mirror condenses the light It has a strong effect and is suitable for use when the light is weak, and the flat lens has a weak focusing effect and is suitable for use when the light is strong.
(2) The concentrator (concentrator) is located on the concentrator frame under the stage, and is composed of a condensing lens and an aperture. Its function is to concentrate the light on the specimen to be observed.
â‘ Condenser lens: It is composed of one or several lenses, which can converge the light, strengthen the illumination of the specimen, and let the light enter the objective lens. There is an adjustment screw next to the lens column. Turn it to raise and lower the condenser to adjust the field of view The intensity of light.
â‘¡Aperture (Iridescent Aperture): Under the condenser, it is composed of dozens of metal sheets, and a handle is extended on the outside, and it can be adjusted to adjust the size of the opening to adjust the amount of light.
â—† Optical part
(1) Eyepiece: It is installed on the upper end of the lens barrel, usually equipped with 2-3, with 5 ×, 10 × or 15 × symbols engraved on it to indicate its magnification, and the 10 × eyepiece is generally installed.
(2) Objective lens: mounted on the rotator at the lower end of the lens barrel, there are generally 3-4 objective lenses, among which the shortest engraved with "10 ×" symbol is a low power lens, the longer one is engraved with "40 ×" symbol It is a high magnification lens. The longest engraved with "100 ×" symbol is an oil lens. In addition, a circle of different color lines is often added to the high magnification lens and the oil lens to show the difference.
Recognizing the specific structure of the microscope, the following will detail how the microscope should be maintained, such as the following aspects:
â—† Regular maintenance
(1) Moisture proof. If the room is wet, the optical lens is prone to mold and fog. Once the lens is moldy, it is difficult to remove. Due to the inconvenience of wiping the lens inside the microscope, moisture is more harmful to it. Mechanical parts are prone to rust when exposed to moisture. In order to prevent moisture, when storing the microscope, in addition to choosing a dry room, the storage location should also be away from the wall, off the ground, and away from the source of moisture. 1-2 bags of silica gel should be placed in the microscope box as a desiccant. And often bake silicone. After its color turns pink, it should be baked in time, and then continue to use after baking.
(2) Dustproof. Dust falling on the surface of the optical element not only affects the passage of light, but also generates large stains after being amplified by the optical system, which affects the observation. Dust and sand falling into the mechanical part will also increase wear and tear, causing movement to be hindered, and the harm is also great. Therefore, the microscope must always be kept clean.
(3) Anti-corrosion. The microscope must not be placed with corrosive chemicals. Such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, strong alkali, etc.
(4) Heat protection. The purpose of heat protection is mainly to avoid the opening and falling of the lens caused by thermal expansion and contraction.
(5) Please touch sharp objects, such as nails and needles, in a hurry.
â—† Wipe the optical system
Normally, the surface of each optical part of the microscope should be cleaned with a clean brush or with mirror paper. When there are indelible dirt, oil stains or fingerprints on the lens, the lens must be moulded, fogged, and reused after a long period of use, you need to wipe it before use.
(1) Wiping range Eyepiece and condenser lens are allowed to disassemble and wipe. Due to the complex structure of the objective lens, special instruments are required to calibrate during assembly to restore the original accuracy, so it is strictly forbidden to disassemble and wipe.
When disassembling the eyepiece and condenser, pay attention to the following points:
a. Be cautious.
b. When disassembling, mark the relative position of each component (can be marked on the casing), the relative order and the front and back of the lens to prevent mistakes during reassembly.
c. The operating environment should be kept clean and dry. When removing the eyepiece, simply unscrew the upper and lower lenses from both ends. The field diaphragm in the eyepiece cannot be moved. Otherwise, the line of sight will be blurred. After the condenser is unscrewed, it is strictly forbidden to further disassemble the upper lens. Because the lens on it is oil-immersed, it is well sealed at the factory, and then it will be destroyed if it is decomposed.
(2) Wiping method First use a clean writing brush or a blower to remove the dust on the surface of the lens, and then use a clean velvet cloth to start a spiral single movement from the center of the lens. After wiping once, change the flannel to another place and wipe until you wipe it clean. If there are oil stains, contamination or fingerprints on the lens that cannot be wiped off, you can wipe it with cotton wool and wipe it with a small amount of alcohol and ether mixture (configured according to the ratio) to wipe it; If the mildew spots cannot be removed, wipe it with a cotton swab moistened with water and stand on calcium carbonate powder (content above 99%). After wiping, the powder should be removed. Whether the lens is cleaned can be observed and checked with the reflected light of the lens. It should be noted that the dust must be removed before wiping, otherwise, the sand in the dust will scratch the mirror surface; do not use towels, handkerchiefs, clothes, etc. to wipe the lens; alcohol ether mixture
Do not use too much, so as to prevent the liquid from immersing in the adhesive part of the lens and degumming the lens; there is a layer of purple-blue light-transmitting film on the surface of the lens.
â—† Wipe the mechanical part
The painted part of the surface can be wiped with a cloth, but it cannot be wiped with organic solvents such as alcohol and ether to avoid paint removal. If the unpainted parts are rusty, wipe them off with a cloth dipped in gasoline. After wiping off, put on protective grease again.
After knowing these, remember to protect the instrument. If you want to buy, please call Beijing Yitenuo Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. for details.
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