New concept of 4D printing: automatic deformation of objects

The residual temperature of 3D printing has not yet returned, and the concept of 4D printing has been freshly released. Researchers at companies such as Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Autodesk are trying to find a printing method that allows the shape of 3D prints to change according to the environment. This is the so-called 4D printing technology.

At present, 3D printing technology is making a tremendous change in the manufacturing industry. People can use it to produce products with more complicated shapes and cheaper prices. It can be said that this technology is setting off a new round of industrial revolution. From the perspective of application fields, the application of 3D technology is most common in industries such as agriculture, engineering and construction, manufacturing, media and entertainment. In addition, medical fields such as dentistry are also benefiting from 3D printing equipment, followed by consumer electronics industries such as headphones and watches. However, when this technology has not yet entered the homes of ordinary people, it has encountered challenges from 4D printing technology.

Amar Hanspar, senior vice president of the information, marketing and platform products group of Autodesk, the world ’s leading design software and digital content creation company, said in an interview with the media: “We are going through the transition from 3D to 4D printing technology Nowadays 3D printing is done by statically overlaying the coating, while 4D printing allows people to print items that can change according to the environment. For example, when the lamp shines on this item, it is a state, and When the light is turned off, it will change to another state. "

According to Hanspar, items printed in this way can expand, fold or stretch into different shapes when exposed to heat or water. 4D printing is essentially the use of self-assembling materials with additional functions and 3D printing technology to produce items that can change over time.

Although this technology is still in its infancy, it is difficult to say how it will be applied in the future, but the development prospects of 4D printing are very broad. As Hanspar puts it: "We have just been exposed to the fur of 4D printing technology, but as technology continues to advance, it will be promoted in many areas, such as biology, robotics, transportation, construction and space exploration. Wait."

Compared with 3D printing technology, 4D technology has a wider range of materials, not only based on plastic materials, but also using metal, resin, composite materials and carbon fiber to produce items. In the next few years, it is believed that as the global economy continues to pick up and consumer spending continues to increase, 3D and 4D printing technologies will also usher in new growth opportunities. In addition to the Gulf countries, Germany, Japan and the United States will also become emerging markets that have contributed to the development of these two technologies.

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