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"Nature-Nanotechnology" introduces a detection method that allows us to selectively judge the existence of some disease biomarker molecules. The study found that it would potentially help diagnose diseases in resource-constrained countries.
The analysis tool often used in medical diagnosis is a traditional sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay device.
In this device, the target molecule to be detected is combined with the capture antibody immobilized on the substrate, and then combined with the corresponding primary antibody to form a "sandwich layer", and finally the enzyme-linked secondary antibody that can bind to the primary antibody is used Antibodies are detected. The enzyme in it can turn the substrate into a colored molecule, and its color intensity can indicate the concentration of the target molecule.
Although in the traditional ELISA test, the colored solution can be distinguished from the transparent solution with the naked eye, but this method can only be achieved when the target molecule reaches a higher concentration.
In order to allow the naked eye to make color distinctions at ultra-low concentrations of target molecules, Molly Stevens and Roberto de la Rica used enzymes on the secondary antibody in the original experiment to control the growth of gold nanoparticles in the presence of hydrogen peroxide.
In the absence of target molecules, the effect of peroxide will cause the gold ions to decrease rapidly. The generation of non-aggregated gold nanoparticles causes the solution to turn red; when the target molecules are present, the gold ions decrease slowly, causing the gold nanoparticles to aggregate, which in turn A blue solution is formed. Using this method, the researchers detected the presence of prostate-specific antigen and HIV-1 antigen p24 at ultra-low concentrations containing only 1 gram (1 gram = 10-18 grams) of target molecule per milliliter of plasma, and this It cannot be done by current conventional methods. However, Stevens and de la Rica also emphasized the limitation of this method: the concentration of target molecules cannot be quantified.
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