Printing of banknotes, stamps and other securities (5)

In 1909, Shen Fengji entered the Commercial Press and focused on engraving and platemaking technology. In 1912, he was sent to Japan for study and sculpture by a Chinese book company. After returning to China in 1918, he was appointed as the Minister of Sculpture by the printing department of the Ministry of Finance of Beijing. In 1922, he went to the Zhonghua Book Company and was responsible for the formation and design of the carving work. During the Printing Department of the Ministry of Finance and the Zhonghua Book Company, Shen trained a lot of carving technical talents who later became the backbone of Chinese carving intaglio technology. Mr. Zhao Jun, who lives in the United States, is one of the best.

Born in 1910, Zhao Jun entered the Zhonghua Book Engraving Division at the age of 12, and he studied with Shen Fengji. He studied hard and determined to catch the world's advanced level on the sculptured gravure and to strive for the Chinese. At the age of 28, he successfully sculpted Mr. Sun Yat-sen's head and was highly praised by Robert Savage, then the world’s carving authority. Sa Weiji personally wrote a letter to Zhao Jun, expressing his sincere admiration and full affirmation of Zhao Jun. In this way, Mr. Zhao Jun's carving technique has been recognized by the world. His portrait of Sun Yat-sen, which he personally sculpted, was also adopted on 17 kinds of banknotes (Cart. 17-21).

Coloring book 17-21

(II) Banknote Printing during the 1911 Revolution and the Warring States and Warlords

In 1911, the Revolution of 1911 led by Sun Yat-sen overthrew the rule of the Qing dynasty, ended the monarchy in China for more than 2,000 years, and established the bourgeois government of the Republic of China under the Republic of China. However, due to the compromise of the bourgeoisie, the fruits of this revolution were soon usurped by Yuan Shikai, a Northern Warlord. Subsequent local separatist and warlord melee situations followed. Reflected in the economy, all parties are overwhelming, and for their own interests, they use staggered banknotes as a means to search for people’s finances to raise the cost of military spending.

During this period, the Printing Bureau of the Ministry of Finance of Beijing, from its establishment until about 1920, was equipped with advanced equipment, advanced technology, and prosperous business. The number of employees reached 2,000, and the first top-down period after construction began. However, soon afterwards, due to the invasion of foreign banknotes and various political forces for their own interests, the printing of the banknotes was handed over to foreign companies such as the United States and Britain, resulting in the sharp decrease in the printing department of the Ministry of Finance. With fewer living resources and inadequate equipment capabilities, the Printing Bureau has experienced a light, depressed and unsustainable situation. At the same time, in addition to the development of printing business, the Shanghai Commercial Press has added gravure printing equipment and has undertaken a lot of securities business. The South Commercial Printing Press has appeared, and the Printing Department of the Ministry of Finance has become the representative of the two large-scale, technologically-advanced, large-scale, all-around printing companies in China that have represented the level of Chinese printing at the time.

At the beginning of the Revolution of 1911, Mr. Sun Yat-sen issued a type of capital in Hanoi City, Vietnam, in 1906 to raise funds needed for the revolution. This kind of vouchers were printed in English on the front, printed in French on the back, covered with; the Chinese revolutionary government; the words were accompanied by the English signature of Sun Yat-sen (Sun Wen) (Cart. 17-22). This is China's early revolutionary currency. Since then, Sun Yat-sen issued in 1911 a vouchers that mainly dealt with the Chinese in San Francisco; the Republic of China gold currency vouchers; the denominations were divided into ten yuan, one hundred yuan, and one thousand yuan. At that time, patriotic overseas Chinese subscribed to purchase enthusiastically, raising a total of more than 100,000 US dollars.

Coloring Book 17-22

After the establishment of the Nanjing Provisional Government of the Republic of China, in order to raise funds for military expenditures, ordnance, and government activities, and also to remove the remnants of the Qing government, the Ministry of War Army issued military tickets; and the military money for the Republic of China in Nanjing. Among them, the Army issued a military ticket, which was divided into one dollar and five yuan. It was used by Shanghai Commercial Press in 1911 to use security paper and use lithographic printing.

For the above two types of banknotes, not only lithographic printing, but also the double number on the ticket surface was at a relatively advanced level in the printing industry at that time.

After the Revolution of 1911, the provinces responded to each other and announced their independence from the Qing government and established their own military government. Most of these newly independent military governments issued banknotes of local or local origin on behalf of the Revolution of 1911. The general situation is:

(1) On October 2, 1911, Sichuan declared independence, and the Sichuan Military Government was established with Yin Changheng as the governor; the military was issued; Dahan Sichuan Military Government military ticket; totaling RMB 3 million and filed with Mr. Sun Yat-sen. Common in all provinces.

(2) In September 1911, Guo Xiren, the chairman of the Shaanxi Provincial Consultative Bureau, exchanged views with officers and soldiers of the Standing Army of the New Army of Shaanxi and responded to Wuhan and Shouyi Xi'an; they claimed to be known; the Qin and Han dynasties restored the Han army; and issued the Qin and Han Fu Han troops. Military silver ticket. At the same time, it also borrowed the original Shaanxi bank silver money ticket and stamped it in the middle of the ticket; Qinfeng Bank; stamps, stamped on the year of the Guangxu; Xinhai;

(3) In 1912, the Guangdong Military Government was established and issued; The front of the silver ticket is printed with the portrait of the great captain Chen Shangming and printed on the reverse side; the governor of Guangdong Province, the governor of the capital, Chen Shangming, passes cloth; the words and the signature of Chen Shangming. This method of borrowing old banknotes to continue circulation by stamping seals is a simple and economical emergency measure.

(4) Yanxishan, Shanxi Province, is an economically-minded person who attaches great importance to the issuance of banknotes and has appointed his confidants to control the Printing Department of the Ministry of Finance in Beijing. When he returned to Shanxi, he took the original version of the Shanxi banknote carved by the Printing Bureau of the Ministry of Finance. Later, in 1932, he established the Northwest Banknote Printing Factory, a professional banknote printing plant in Shanxi. The factory imported four sets of electric gravure presses, five sets of typographical presses, and three sets of imprinting machines, and fifteen units were modeled by the Arsenal in Shanxi Province and modeled on the hand-pull gravure printing machine of the Printing Bureau. The Northwest Banknote Printing Factory used these devices to print banknotes and soil coupons for the then salt industry silver number, and also printed securities such as silver coupons for various counties.