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Recently, in a study published in Nature, scientists discovered a new type of antibiotic called teixobactin. Teixobactin kills a variety of bacteria, including many human pathogens. The most surprising thing is that these pathogens are not resistant to Teixobactin.
For most of the past decade, a team of scientists in Boston has lived a life of dealing with the soil. The reason for this is that they are looking for a class of bacteria that could not be cultured in the laboratory before, and hope to find new antibiotic resources. Hard work pays off, and their efforts have finally paid off.
Recently, in a study published in Nature, the research team from Northeastern University reported their latest breakthroughs. They have discovered that a new antibiotic is expected to solve the problem of bacterial resistance. It is inevitable that such a conclusion will lead to a lot of doubts, but if the compound passes clinical trials, it will become a heavy weapon against various bacterial infections. Having said that, have you been curious about this antibiotic?
Many existing antibiotics (including penicillin) are discovered by humans by cultivating microorganisms in nature. Bacteria kill each other through these antibiotics and compete for resources. A common feature of these discovered antibiotics is that the corresponding bacteria can be cultured in the laboratory. This is also the place where the new antibiotic called teixobactin found in this new study is different.
New device iChip
The bacteria that produce teixobactin are bacteria that cannot be cultured in the laboratory. In this study, biologist Kim Lewis and Northeastern University microbial ecologist Slava Epstein developed a new device, the iChip, which uses the natural ingredients in the soil to grow bacteria in the soil.
The researchers buried the iChip in the soil, and the nutrients in the environment entered the iChip, making the bacteria more able to thrive than in the culture dish. Typically, only about 1% of soil microbes can grow in the laboratory, and iChip increases the percentage to 50%.
To test the antimicrobial properties of these soil microbes, the researchers asked them to "duel" in the laboratory's petri dish with Staphylococcus aureus, which causes severe skin and respiratory infections. However, 1000 compounds were isolated from bacteria capable of effectively killing S. aureus and tested. Twenty-five potential antibiotics were eventually discovered, and teixobactin was an attractive candidate.
New antibiotic Teixobactin
Teixobactin is produced by bacteria called Eleftheria terrae found on the grasses of Maine, USA. Teixobactin kills a variety of bacteria, including many human pathogens. The most surprising thing is that these pathogens are not resistant to Teixobactin.
Teixobactin exhibits a better antibacterial effect than vancomycin. Vancomycin is a long-term drug for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Treatment of mice infected with MRSA found that Teixobactin achieved 100% survival in infected mice at lower doses than vancomycin. In addition, M. tuberculosis, which can cause tuberculosis, can also be killed by Teixobactin. The experiment also showed that Teixobactin is not toxic to human cells.
So why is it difficult for bacteria to develop resistance to Teixobactin?
Teixobactin structure
Teixobactin kills bacteria by combining the fatty acids in the bacterial cell wall. The target of most antibiotics is protein. It is easy for bacteria to modify the structure of proteins through genetic mutations to avoid the action of antibiotics. However, the structure of fatty acids is relatively stable and bacteria are difficult. response.
Professor Kim Lewis said: "The first human clinical trial will begin within two years. If the trial is successful, the drug may be widely used within 10 years. The pathogen is more resistant than we develop new antibiotics, which leads to Human health is in crisis."
Dr. Mark Woolhouse of the University of Edinburgh's Infectious Diseases said: "Any report on new antibiotics is gratifying, and what excites me most is that the findings of this study only unveiled the tip of the iceberg."
Limitations and doubts
Current research indicates that Teixobactin does not work against Gram-negative bacteria, but using iChip technology may find new antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, the solubility of this compound is limited, and if researchers can improve its solubility, it may be useful for a wider range of therapeutic uses.
Dr. Angelika Gründling of Imperial College of Technology said after reading this paper: "What we need to remember is that new antibiotics are currently only effective against certain bacteria. The new antibiotics described in this paper have not been tested in humans, and it is possible that it is not It is as effective as we expected, and there may be unknown side effects that limit its use."
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