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According to foreign media reports, researchers at Brigham and Women's Hospital have developed a method for biological 3D printed tubular structures that can better mimic natural blood vessels and catheters in the human body. Bio 3D printing technology allows fine-tuning of the characteristics of printed tissues, such as the number of layers and the ability to transport nutrients. These more complex organizations provide a potentially viable alternative to damaged tissue.
To create the "ink" of a 3-D bioprinter, the researchers mixed human cells with a hydrogel, a flexible structure composed of a hydrophilic polymer. They then optimized the chemistry of the hydrogel to allow human cells to proliferate or "seed" throughout the mixture.
Next, they fill the ink cartridge 3D printing machine with biological organisms such ink. They also developed a custom nozzle that can print up to three layers of tubular structures in succession.
Many diseases damage tubular tissue: arteritis, atherosclerosis and thrombosis damage blood vessels, while urothelial tissue may suffer from inflammatory lesions and harmful congenital anomalies. The researchers found that they could print tissue that mimics vascular tissue and urothelium. They mixed human urothelium and bladder smooth muscle cells with hydrogel to form urothelial tissue. To print vascular tissue, they use a mixture of human endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and hydrogels.
Print tubes have different sizes, thicknesses and properties. Zhang said that the structural complexity of bioprinting organizations is critical to its viability as a natural tissue alternative. That's because natural tissue is complicated. For example, blood vessels are composed of multiple layers, which in turn are composed of various cell types. The team plans to continue preclinical studies to optimize bio-ink composition and 3D printing parameters before testing for safety and effectiveness.
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