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Virtual reality (VR) is helping neuroscientists understand how different brain regions collect memories in contexts.
In a study published in the journal Nature Communications, graduate student Halle Dimsdale-Zucker and colleagues used the VR environment to train subjects and then discovered that an important area of ​​the brain (the hippocampus) was involved. A memory task or activation has occurred.
It is well known that a memory can trigger related memories. We remember specific events, when and where they occur, and people. Different memories can have specific scenarios and the same information, such as events that occur at the same location.
Charan Ranganath, a professor of neuroscience and psychology at the University of California, Davis, and graduate student Halle Dimsdale-Zucker are interested in how the brain assembles all of these memories. They use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to find areas of the brain that are activated when the memory is awakened, especially in a small structure in the center of the brain, the hippocampus.
In this study, Dimsdale-Zucker used architectural sketching software to build houses in a three-dimensional virtual environment. The subjects watched a series of videos and entered different rooms. In each video, different items are placed in the room. Therefore, the subject remembers the item in two scenarios: which video (scrambling memory) and which room (spatial memory).
In the second phase of the study, subjects were asked to try to remember these items during a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan.
Dimsdale-Zucker said that when asked about these items, the brain activates the situational information spontaneously. Different regions of the hippocampus are activated by different types of information: one region CA1 is associated with shared information about the scene (eg, items in the same video); another different region is associated with representing differences in the scene.
“The exciting thing is that you can remember a unique experience intuitively, but the hippocampus is also involved in a similar experience. You need to remember both,†explains Dimsdale-Zucker.
Another interesting finding is that in this study, the hippocampus was involved in episodic memory that connected time and space, she said. The traditional view is that hippocampus is primarily a spatial memory code, such as those involving navigation.
According to Dimsdale-Zucker, virtual reality allows researchers to conduct contextual memory research in a controlled laboratory environment. A better understanding of how memory is formed, stored, and recalled will help the medical industry better diagnose and treat Alzheimer's disease or degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
Other authors of the paper include Arne Ekstrom and Andrew Yonelinas of the University of California, Davis Neuroscience Center, and Maureen Ritchey of Boston College. Dimsdale-Zucker received funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Scholarship.
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