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Application of portable total station in the installation of steel structure of drilling rig Li Jing 1 Tong Xinghua 2 Chen Haiyang 3 (School of Storage, Transportation and Construction Engineering, Dongying Petroleum University (East China)) (2 Dongying Petroleum University (East China)) (3 Qingdao Petroleum University (East China) ) Science and Education Park Command) Li Jing, Tong Xinghua, Chen Haiyang. Application of portable total station in the installation of steel structure for drilling and derrick. Petroleum Instruments, 200317 (5): During the measurement work in the process of 34-36, the error generated at the measuring point is processed by the pseudo-inverse free network adjustment method, and the accuracy of the control point can reach * 5mm. The total station is fast. flexible. Accurate features not only improve production efficiency, but also achieve computerized management of data.
East) engaged in the teaching and research work of steel structure. Postcode: 257061 Introduction Taking the measurement data of the total station and automatically processing it through the software can not only simplify the field survey work, but also improve the accuracy.
The actual requirements of a lot of staff are not only low accuracy, fast publishingHbookmark2 steel structure has the characteristics of light weight, small cross-section of components, large effective space, good seismic performance, fast construction speed, less labor, strong adaptability, etc., so steel structure is widely used In the drilling derrick. In recent years, with the increasing height of oil production derricks, construction is becoming more and more difficult. During the installation of the steel structure of drilling and production derricks, the level of measurement accuracy directly affects the quality of the project. It is a measure of the quality of steel structure projects. An important indicator.
The widely used steel structure for drilling and production derricks in the oil field can be divided into three types: type, K type and tower type. The difference is mainly in the shape of the tower, the section of the member and the connection type. Like other steel towers, they belong to a large space steel structure with a more complicated form. When measuring this type of structure, first cast points to the construction level according to the control points on the ground floor, and then stake out each steel column according to the cast points. The accuracy of lofting depends on the precision of the projecting point on the one hand, and on the method of construction lofting on the other hand. In order to improve the accuracy of the steel structure measurement, the corners of the points from the bottom are measured, and then adjusted to improve the accuracy of the control points; if conventional instruments such as drop-off instruments and steel rulers are used during construction and setting out, the conventional method of setting out Due to the constraints of the construction site conditions, field lofting personnel must carry out a lot of tedious calculations. The portable total station real-time measurement system has developed a real-time steel structure under Windows XP using VB and ACCESS database in combination with the problems of conventional measurement. Measurement system, the system uses a portable computer to connect with the total station, manipulates the total station through the lofting program to measure, automatically obtains the measurement data, calculates and displays the point and correction information, when the deviation meets the requirements, the measured data can be stored Enter the database for management, drawing, printing reports, etc. The real-time measurement system of the portable total station is shown below.
The workflow of the portable total station is shown below. First of all, a database of control points and stakeout points should be established indoors, mainly to input the coordinates of each point, which can be directly called during field surveys. During field surveys, the women first set up the instrument and turn on it. Know the point orientation, connect the portable computer and the total station with a communication line, open the portable computer and enter the steel structure real-time stakeout software system, then you can carry out the measurement of the steel structure of the derrick.
There are four kinds of data on the computer screen: the first is the data of the control point, including the point name, coordinates and other information, which can be obtained directly from the database, that is, the control point and direction point name can be selected to call out the coordinates; the second type of data Manual input is required, such as the height of the instrument, the distance S of the patch from the top surface of the cylinder, the radius of the cylinder R, the width of the H-shaped steel column, and the distance b between the two patches. ; The third part is the total station measurement data, such as the left and right sides of the total station aiming at the cylinder, the horizontal angle of the control point of the relative direction of the patch and the vertical angle of the patch observation, etc .; the fourth part is the coordinates of the stakeout point And the observation results, etc., the coordinates of the stake out point can be directly called out from the database by selecting the name of the stake out point, the measured coordinates are automatically calculated by the program, and the deviation data is given, and then the construction and installation is commanded. Save the data to the database and the lofting at that point will be completed. When lofting a steel column, the coordinates of the apex and bottom are usually determined. When measuring, the reflective patch is generally set at a certain distance from the bottom and top of the steel column, and the vertical inclination of the steel column can be calculated according to the inverse two-point coordinates.
The main content of the construction and measurement of the steel structure installation and construction of the drilling derrick. The establishment of the plane control network can be directly used according to the axis control points (or nets) provided by the civil works.
Pre-embedded positioning of anchor bolts There are generally two pre-embedded methods for measuring anchor bolts: one is the one-time pouring method; the other is the second-time pouring method of reserved pits. The former method requires the measurement staff to first arrange a high-precision grid, and guide the central axis of each column to the appropriate height around it, which generally exceeds the thickness of the bottom plate by about 10cm; the latter method can wait for the initial setting of the bottom plate pouring Then, the plane control network and the central axis of the column are guided to the periphery of each reserved pit. The two methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. The former has good leakage prevention effect in one-time pouring, but the positioning of the anchor bolt is easy to cause displacement during the pouring of concrete, and the positioning accuracy of the bolt is low; the latter has high positioning accuracy of the anchor bolt, but the second Sub-casting, improper treatment, easy to leak 3. Use the Leica ZL zenith meter and DL2 laser instrument to sequentially measure to the required construction height through the bottom reference control point, and receive it with the laser receiving board. Rotate the plumb meter slowly (0 °, 90 ° 180 ° 270 ° 360 °), you will get a laser circle on the receiving board, and the center of the circle is the receiving point of the control point. The angle and distance of the control network composed of the receiving points are measured. Due to the error of the cast point, there is a certain difference between the measured angle and the side length and the known coordinates. Adjustment is required to improve the accuracy of the control point. Since each point may have a throwing point error, the pseudo-inverse free network adjustment is used. 4. The coordinate approximation adopts the known coordinates of the bottom control point, and the center of gravity coordinates of these points and the points to the center of gravity are maintained during the pseudo inverse adjustment. The radial-weighted azimuth of the coordinate, the weighted average with the square of the radial distance as the weight remains unchanged. The accuracy of each point obtained during actual adjustment is less than ± 5mm to ensure the accuracy of construction survey lofting, which is used as the basis for the detailed plane laying of this layer. Because the point drawn is hollow, the height cannot be measured. The height is transmitted with a steel ruler. The error in the process is also affected by the mesh shape. When the to-be-determined point is located at two lofts, the instrument is placed on the control point. The height of the instrument horizontal axis The IM is obtained by reading the scale horizontally from the line of sight of the total station, so that the three-dimensional coordinates can be staked out. If there are not enough reference points, or when the shape of the measurement object changes, some new control points can be encrypted by the existing control points, and then the reference points can be used.
Compared with the conventional measurement mode, the characteristics of the real-time steel structure lofting measurement software using the portable total station are compared with the conventional measurement mode. The portable total station real-time steel structure lofting software is used for construction measurement. The general measurement loft calculation is calculated by manually inputting the observation result into a computer or calculator. This system uses the two-way communication between the computer and the total station, and the portable computer sends instructions to the total station for measurement. The measured data is automatically transferred to the computer memory. The total station measurement in the system mainly uses two modes: one is to measure the slant distance, vertical angle, and horizontal angle. This mode requires a reflective patch, but there is no reflective patch when measuring the direction of the left and right edges of the round steel pipe column. Film, so only horizontal angle measurement mode can be used. Two modes are used for lofting of round steel pipe columns. H-shaped steel columns only need the first mode. The surveyor only needs to follow the prompt on the computer screen, aim the total station at the corresponding target point and take the corresponding button. It avoids errors in data copying and input, and simplifies field steps.
Calculate point coordinates and deviation information in real time. While calculating the coordinates of the measuring point, combined with the theoretical coordinates of the lofting point to perform back calculation, the recommended distance and correction amount are immediately obtained, which is convenient for directing the lofting work.
A database of control points, stakeout points and measured data has been established, which can conveniently inquire and manage point coordinates and measured data, and can automatically generate charts.
It is suitable for the installation and measurement of the steel structure of drilling and mining derricks with complex shapes and complex environments.
Conclusion In the construction of the steel structure of the drilling derrick, it is very important to stake out the top and bottom of the steel column at the designed points with high precision, and it is required to be fast and reliable without affecting the construction schedule. The classic drop-off instrument plus steel ruler measurement method is a common method currently used for steel structure measurement and correction. Its principle is simple and intuitive, and it is easy to be accepted by most people. On-site visibility requirements are relatively high, which not only consumes a lot of manpower and material resources, but also has low efficiency.
Today, with the development of high and new technology, the total station and the electronic computer have been widely used. The interface technology is used to connect the two to establish a complete real-time surveying and mapping system for the total station. Necessary, not only can improve work efficiency, but also can improve the precision of steel structure lofting.
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